66 MENISPERMACEiE. Mcnispcnnum. 



M. Canadense, L. Somewhat pubescent wlien young, glabrate ; leaves peltate close to tlic 

 broadly dilated subcordate base : petals ouly half the length of the inner sepals, flattish, 

 much shorter than the 10 to 20 stamens of the male flowers : abortive stamens of the female 

 flowers one before each petal and of its length : stigmas obovate or reniform, sessile : fruit 

 ripening late in autumn, resembling small grapes, blue-black with a copious bloom. — Spec. 

 \. 340; Michx. F\. ii. 241 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1910 j Schk. Handb. t. 337 ; Torr. & Gray,ri. 

 i.48; Miers, Contrib. Bot. iii. 115, t. 110. J/. an9u/«tu//i, Ma'nch, Meth. 277. ]\I. smilncinum, 

 DC. Syst. 541. Cissampelus siiiilacina, Jacq. Ic. Rar. iii. t. 629, not L. — Alluvial ground, 

 along streams ; Canada to.lNIinuesota and Winnipeg, south to Georgia and Alabama in the 

 upper districts. 



3. CALYCOCARPUM, Nutt. (KoAu^, a cup or shell, KapTro'?, fruit, the 

 dry shell of the drupe with a cup-like hollow ou one side.) — Nutt. in Torr. & 

 Gray, Fl. i. 48 (§ of Menispermum) ; Gray, Gen. Jll. i. 75, t. 30, & Man. ed. 5, 

 52 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 35 ; Miers, 1. c. 24, t. 89. — Single species. 



C.*"Ijy6lli, Gray.i Climbing e:;tensively, sparsely hirsute when young: leaves ample 

 and long-petioled, membrcinaceous, open-cordate at base, not peltate, deeply 3-5-lobed, lobes 

 ovate and acuminate : panicles of small white flowers, loose and slender, male much elon- 

 gated : drupe nearly inch long, black when ripe, globose when fresh, with ventral face at 

 length flattened, and when the dried epicarp breaks away disclosing the deep cavity of the 

 putamen, its border then more or less denticulate-crested. — Gen. 111. i. 76, t. 30; Chapm.- 

 Fl. 16; Baill. Hist. PL iii. 13, 39. Menispermum Lyoni, Pursh, Fl. ii. 371; DC. Syst. i. 

 541 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Moist woods, in alluvial soil, Kentucky and S. Illinois to Missouri, 

 and south to Florida and Texas; fl. late spring and summer. 



Order V. BERBERIDACEiE. 



By a. Gray ; the genus Vancouveria revised by B. L. RoniNSON. 



Shrubs or herbs with colorless juice but yellow wood and bark in Berberis ; 

 leaves commonly with stipular dilated and marginal bases to the petioles or ob- 

 viously stipulate ; symmetrical and hermaphrodite hypogynous flowers, with 

 imbricate spstivatiou, and parts all distinct and 3-merous (rarely 2- or 4-merou8) ; 

 sepals, petals, stamens, and sometimes bractlets in two series of each (or occa- 

 sionally more), that is, taken as wholes regularly anteposed throughout ; anthers 

 opening by upliited valves ; carpel normally only one ; seeds anatropous, with a 

 straight or straightish embryo in fleshy or horny albumen. Parts of flower 

 deciduous. Podophyllum and AcMys are anomalous exceptions, as seen below. 

 The Lardizabalece are an order between this and the Afenispermacece. 



* Slirnbs, with compound but often nnifoliolate (and seemingly simple) alternate leaves. 



1. BERBERIS. Sepals 6 (besides 2 or 3 l)racts), somewhat petaloid. Petals 6, concave and 

 ascending or erect, 2-glandular next the base within. Stamens 6, short. Stigma peltate 

 and umbilicate. Ovules few, ascending from base of the cell. 'Fruit a berry, sometimes 



. dry. Seeds with crustaceous coat. 



* * Perennial herbs, with deciduous ovary and mostly a single pair of ovules from base of 

 the cell ; these becoming naked drupaceous seeds : leaves temately decompound. 



2. CAULOPHYLLUM. Sepals 6, usually ^vith 3 or 4 bractlets underneath. Petals 6, 

 much shorter, nectariferous, flabelliform and fleshy, short-uuguiculate. Stamens 6, short. 



1 Dr. Gray in his manuscript (as in the 5th edition of Manual) ascribes tlii.s species to Nuttall. 

 Th« combination C. Lyoni, however, was first made in Gray's Gen. Fl). i. 7f! ulirvM th. if. j.s no refer- 

 ence to Nuttall. The species must accordingly stand as Dr. Gray's. 



