Brassica. CRUCIKER.E. 133 



R. SATfvus, L. 1. c. (Radish.) Mutli like tlie last in foliiigc : petals pale pnriik-. pod 

 usually 2-3-seeiled ; seguieuts beciniiiiig 3^ to 4 lines in lireadtli, lfii« c-urrugaltxi oiid Ivm 

 distinct from tho joining necks tliun in the preceding: beak elongated, iliickiwh but gradu- 

 ally narrowed to a point. — Gray, Man. ed. .'), 75 ; Coulter in Ilayden, Ki-p. 1872, 761 ; Hrew. 

 & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 49. — Occa.'iiiinaily cscajiing from cultivation in ibe Kant; be<-uinin;; a 

 prevalent weed in California. In tliu wild jdanl liie root i.s rather sbmler and lougli Jlbrt-d. 

 (Iiitrod. from Eu.) 



21. BRASSICA, Tuuru. (Classical Latin name fur cal)bagc.) — Erect 

 annuals or biennials of Eurojjean und Asiatic origin, usually souiewhat succu- 

 lent ; several species adveiitive in America or tending to escape from cultivation. 

 Leaves, at least the lower ones, usually lyrate. — Inst. 219, t, IOC; L. Gen. 

 n. 542 ; DC Syst. ii. 582 ; Reicheul). Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 1)1-08 ; Beutli. & Hook. 

 Gen. i. 84; Prantl in Engl. & Prautl, Nat. PHaiizenf. iii. Ab. 2, 177. Siunjiis, 

 L. Gen. no. 543. Rapa, Touru. Inst. 228, t. 1K3; Adans. Fam. ii. 417. 

 Sinajnstrum, Spach, Hist. Veg. vi. 343. — Eoononiically the most important 

 genus of the order. B. olerucea, with its numeruu.s artilicial varieties, furnishes 

 cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi, kale, broccoli, &c. B. campestn's 

 has yielded in cultivation the turnip and rutabaga, as well as the colza and rajie 

 raised for the oil in the seeds. B. nigra and B. alba furnish the niu.st:ird of 

 commerce. In their wild state these species form rapid growing coarse and 

 unsightly weeds of roadsides and waste ground. [By B. L. Kobinsox.] 



B. CAMPESTRis, L. (Turnip, Rutabaga.) Stout, smootli or nearly so, often very glaucoux, 

 succulent : lower leaves sparingly toothed or ])imiatirid ; the upper entire or 8uliculir«>, 

 oblong-lanceolate, sessile by a chxsping cordate-auriculatc biise, usually obtuse at tho ajH'x : 

 flowers pale yellow : sepals scarcely spreading : i)etals about 3 lines long : pedicel spread- 

 ing: puds terete, I^ to 24 inches long, gradually narrowed into a subulate Injak tippetl witli 

 a llattish stigma; seeds dark l)rown. — Spec. ii. 666; Wats. Bot. King K.\p. 28; WaLx & 

 Coulter iu Gray, Man. ed. 6, 73. - Generally cultivated in its various forms and constantly 

 tending to escape, sometimes becoming a noxious weed in grain fields; (1. earlier than tho 

 other species. (Introd. from Eu, Asia.) 



B. xfGRA, Koch (Black Mu.sTARD.) Tall, 2 to 5 feet in height : stem finely striate, nearly 

 or quite glabrous: leaves large, coarse, petiolate, commtmly beset at lea.'<t upon the veins 

 beneath with scattered spreading bristles, lyrately pinnatifid or divided ; the terminal .M'g- 

 ment mucii the largest, ovate or suborbicular, shallowly lobcd and sharply dentiUo ; the 

 uppermost leaves sim|der in outline, often reiluced to linear bracts Imt always with .<lrnder 

 petioles: racemes long and dense: calyx spreading a little inanthesis: jietals spatulate, 

 about 3^ lines in length : silirjues half inch long, glalirous, torulose, indistinctly <|nadrangu- 

 lar, short-pedicelled and appre.^sed at maturity, tipped with ,<«lender beaks (half lino long); 

 valves nerveless; seeds nearly bbick, liighly pnngcnt. — Koch in Ri>ehl. l^nts.-hl Fl ♦>d ."? 

 iv. 713; Wats. I.e. 28; Wats. & Coulter, 1. c. 72. .</««/>/>• n-Vr<i. L. > 

 & Gray, Fl. i. 99 ; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 88 — Fxtensiv.ly 

 established and widely distributed as a coarse wayside wci-d, extending i 

 preferring rich soil; 11. from .June to late autumn. (Nat. from Ku., Asia.) 



B. SiNApfsTRu.M, Boiss. ((^iiARLOCK.) Au crcct annual, hisjiid with scaft. r .' 

 leaves tootiied or ])innatifid with a large ovate-oblong or deltoid shallow l 

 terminal segment and ustially a pair or two of nnuh smaller .segnjents ' 



ovate-lanceolate, sessile or .subses.-iile by a narrow ba.«e, not cl:u«ping: .. 



large: sepals spreading: ])etals ne.-irly r. linej* long: ]»od» asconding, erect or sometime* 

 appres.sed; the fertile portion 9 to I.*! lines long, torrtso ; valves nervwl ; bonk Mender, 

 flattisli, nearly half as long, tipped witli a globular stigma; valves at nmlurit\ nitixT 

 prnmiuchtly 3-5-nerved. — Voy. Kspagne. ii. 39 : Wat->». & Conltrr. I.e. .sVm.i/..* -i-,-. ..«.«. 

 L. Spec. ii. 668; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 99; Kng H"t i i:4,s — A common and iruuM*. 



