Viola. VlOLACKiE. IVT 



— Kew. iii. 287 ; I'ursh, 1. c. 172 ; Keicheiib. 1. c. 38, t. 42, f. 88 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 158; 

 Loild. Bot. Cab. t. 1471 ; Gray, Man. 45, & Gen. 111. i. 186, t. 80; Meehan, .\a». Flowers, 

 ser. 1, i. t. 33; Sprague & Gouilalo, Wild Flowers, t. 9. V. pruniili/olm, I'undi, Fl. i. 173. 

 V. dentatu, I'ursh, Fl. i. 172; Lodd. 1. c. t. 1485. V. cilluta, Muhl. Cat. 26. \'. oriKa, Nutt. 

 Geii. i. 148; Bi^el. Fl. Host. ed. 2, 96. ['.Jimbriatulti, Smith in liees, Cycl. x.x.xviii. 1'. 

 Allcghaniensis, Kd-m. & Scluilt. Syst. v. 360. I', sdi/ittalu, oruUt, & tjii'injitutlu, Le Coute, 

 1. c. 142-143.' — Gravelly and sandy moist or nearly dry f;round, Nova Scotia and Cauada 

 to Florida, Texas, and Minnesota. Some forms pass into V. pulmuta. 



H— -»— Rootstocks thickish and creeping, commonly sending off leafy and ttorifcrous stolons or 



runners above ground : corolla blue or violet, with white varieties ; lateral jietals usually 



bearded ; spur short and saccate : leaves round-cordate and merely crenulate. 



V. Langsdorffii, Fischek. A span or two liigii : radical jietioles often 6 or 8 inches long ; 



stdloniferous slioots wiien present short and ascending, becoming 2-3-leaved floriferous 



stems witli rather large stipules: flower large, three fourths to full inch long; thick sacaate 



spur a.« broad as long. — DC. Prodr. i. 296; Hook. Fl. lior.-Am. i. 77; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 



250; Maxim. Diag. PI. Nov. Asiat. i. 741. V. mirabilis, var. Lnniisdorffii, Regel, Bull. Soc. 



Nat. Mosc. XXXV. 240, t. 6, f. 24-29, but broad spur and scaly rocjtstock unlike V. mirabilis. 



— Arctic Alaska and Islands to Brit. Columbia."^ 



V. odokAta, L. (Sweet Violiot.) More or less pubescent, proliferous by long itolons: 

 stipules glandular ; flowers fragrant. — Spec. ii. 934. — Escaped from cultivation in various 

 placed. (Sparingly nat. from Eu.) 



+_ ^— ^— Rootstocks long and filiform (not thickened nor scaly except somewhat at ba.se 

 of older flowering plants), extensively creeping underground : plants low or small. 

 ++ Corolla blue or purple. 



V. Selkirkii, VvKSU,jidi' Goldie. Leaves from rounded- to ovate-<-ordate and witli deep 

 narrow sinus, serrate, commonly acutish (at fir.-<t half inch, in age inch or two long), ujiper 

 face hirsute-pubescent : sepals acute or acuminate ; petals beardle.«s, violet-blue, 3 or 4 lines 

 long, little longer than the stout and very blunt eylin<lraceous spur. — Edinb. Phil. .Jour. vi. 

 324 (1822); Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 75; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 137 ; Gray, Man. ed. 5. 78 ; 

 Franch. & Savat. Enum. PI. Jap. i. 41, & ii. 284 ; Maxim. 1. c. 730. F'. Kamtschatica, Ging. 

 Linna;a, i. 406 (1826); Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. x.xxv. 227, t. 6, f. 7-15. V.umhrosn, 

 Fries, Novit. 271 (1828), &c. V. borealis, Weinm. Liunaa, x. 66. — Damp woods. New 

 Brunswick and Nova Scotia to mnuntaius of Massachu.setts and Pennsylvania, l'pi)er Michi- 

 giin, Minnesota, and northward. (N. Eu. to Kamtsch., &c.) 



V. pallistris, L. Wholly glabrous: leaves reuiform-cordate, with rounded suniinir and 



open sinus, crenulate (mostly an inch and in age often 2 inches broad): sejials ovate, 



obtuse : petals liglit blue or lilac (rarely white or nearly -so), all nearly beardless, 3 or 4 lines 



long; spur short and saccate. — Spec ii. 934; Fl. Dan. 83; Reichenb. lo. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 2; 



Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 294 (exel. var. Painsi/lranica, which, unless from White Mountains, 



must be a small form of T. rHf «//«/(/, under which name Bigelow sent it); Torr. & Gray, 



Fl. i. 139 ; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 404 ; Wats. Bot. King Exj*. 34. V. epipnila, 



Ledeb., is prol)ably a variety of this. — Damp and shady ground, Labrador and alpine region 



of mountains of New England to Saskatchewan, and northward ; higher Rocky Mountains 



in Colorado, and north to those of Wa.shington and to arctic Alaska. (Eu., N. Asia) 



++ ++ (\irolla always white, mostly with brown-]iurpk' lines on lower or alio tin lateral 



petals, or lower purjile-tinged ; lateral ones bearded or beanlless in the same siK-cies; 



spur short and saccate : stigma a.s if trimcate and nuirgiiieii and antrorsely short-jjointed. 



The three si)ecies seemingly run together. 



= Leaves round-cordate or reniform, ■)n .slender niarginless puliolcs 



1 The recently iniblisliod V. sngitlatu, var. Hicksii, C. L. Pull 

 cent ovate-oblong cordate unlobed leaves, is one of several freely ; 

 fruiting pctluncles " and distinctly niottlid seeds are not infrcfpi. 

 foliafie. 



2 South wanl apparently to Oregon (Ilowtll, nos. 631, 14S9), where the rootsU>ck is mor«s elon- 

 gated anil slender. 



