198 VlOLACEiE. 



V. blanda, Willd. Commonly glabrous or uearly so, and with only subterranean filiform 

 roolstocks; leaves thin, creuulate, from ovate-cordate to round-reniform, at blossoming from 

 hair inch to inch and a half long : scapes 1 to 3 inches high : flowers faintly sweet-scouted : 

 sepals from oblong- to almost ovate-lanceolate : petals 3 or 4 lines long, usually all beard- 

 less; lower one usually conspicuously dark-veiny. — Hort. Berol. t. 24; Pursh, ¥\. i. 172; 

 Reichenb. Ic. PI. Crit. i. 43, t. 51, f. 104 ; Le Conte, 1. c. 144; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 77 ; Sprague 

 & Goodale, Wild Flowers, t. 21.' — Low or wet and mostly open grounds, common from 

 Ne^vfoundlanQ to N. Carolina north and west to Mackenzie River, lat. 66°, Brit. Columbia, 

 and mountains of California. 



Vax. palustriformis, Gray. Larger form, growing in shady and mossy ground or 

 leaf-mould, where it is freely stoloniferous : leaves comparatively large, their upper face 

 commonly and s])arscly 'irsu'^'ilous in the manner of V. Selkirkii, but less so: flowers 

 rather larger; the petals usually 5 lines long; lower one less striate-veiny and lateral 

 oftener bearded: scapes and tip of spur usually reddish or pur])lisli. — Bot. Gaz. xi. 25."). 

 V. obliqua, Pursh, 1. c, not Hill. V. dondestina, Pursh, 1. c. 173, according to Torr. & 

 Gray, Fl. i. 139, but probably not so, although this is freely cleistogamous. V. avutna, 

 Le Conte, 1. c. 144. V. palustris (Hook. f. Arct. PL), Wats. Bot. King Exp. 34.2 — Canada 

 to Delaware, and in Rocky.Mountains, &c. : passes into the type, resembles 1^. palustris (with 

 which Hooker would unite the whole), but has white coroUa, narrower and acute or acutish 



. sepals, &c. 



Var. renifolia, Gray, 1. c. Frofti slightly to strongly pubescent with soft and 

 s]jrcarting multicellular hairs ; but upper face of reniform leaves mostly quite glabrous : 

 sepals lanceolate: petals usually beardless. — V. renifolia, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 288. 

 — Wet mossy woods and swamps, Nova Scotia to the country north of Lake Superior, 

 Minnesota, and south to Massachusetts, W. New York, &c. 



= = Leaves from linear to spatulate or ovate or subcordate, the base decurrent into a 

 margined petiole : sometimes leafy along (chiefly subterranean) summer stolons. 



V. primulaefolia, L. Glabrous or pubescent : leaves from deltoid-ovate or subcordate and 

 acute to ovate or oblong with either obtuse or tapering base : flowers of the preceding : 

 lateral petals oftener bearded. — Spec ii. 934; Le Conte, 1. c. 145; Reichenb. 1. c. t. 45, f. 

 96 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 139. V. acuta, Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2, 95. — Damp or almost dry soil. 

 Lower Canada and New Brunswick to Florida and Louisiana, especially toward the coast.* 

 Varies nearly to ])receding and to following. 



Var. OCCidentalis, Grat, 1. c. Glabrous form, with oblong-ovate or s])atulate- 

 oblong leaves, all narrowed at base, apparently quite like eastern plants, was coll. at Waldo, 

 S. W. Oregon, by Howell. 



V. lanceolata, L. Glabrous : leaves from broadly lanceolate or some earliest oldong-spat- 

 ul;ite to linear or nearly so, attenuate at ba.se, callous-denticulate : jjetals beardless ; lower 

 one often much colored. — Linn. 1. c. (excl. pi. Sibir.) ; Michx. Fl. ii. 150; Pursh, 1. c. 172; 

 Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 211 ; Reichenb. 1. c. t. 52, f. 106; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Card. t. 174; Gray, 

 Man. ed. 5, 77. V. attennata. Sweet, Hort. Brit. 37.* — Low and grassy ground. Nova Scotia, 

 to L. Superior, and south to Florida and Texas. 



++++++ Corolla yellow: otherwise nearly of last preceding section, but adult leaves 

 much more accrescent. 



V. rotundifolia, Micnx. Minutely pubescent when young, glabrate: leaves round-ovate 

 and cordate with narrow or overlapped sinus, repand-crenulate, in flower seldom over inch 

 long, becoming in summer 3 to 5 inches in diameter and flat on the ground, then lucid : 

 ba.?e of some or all the petals lineate or sometimes tinged with brown-purple ; lateral ones 

 usually bearded. — Fl. ii. 150; DC. Prodr. i. 295 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 138; Reichenb. Ic. 



1 The recently published V. Macloskeyi, F. E. Lloyd, Erythua, iii. 74, is witli little dou>>t a foim 

 of this species. Here as elsewhere in the genus small weak plants are apt to produce reduced flowers 

 (with tliin greenish or colorless petals), transitions from the cleistogamous ones('0- 



2 Add syn. V. blanda, var. nmana, Britt. Stems & Poggeub. Torr. Club, Prelim. Cat. N. Y. 6. 

 8 Also reported as far inland as Minnesota, by Upham, and by MacMillan. 



* Add syn. V. parva, A. B. Simouds & others, Fl. Fitchburg, Muss., 7, as to character. 



