Viola. V10LACE.E. 199 



Bot. Kxot. ii. t. 124; Gray, 1. c. V. clandtsfinn, Pursh, Fl. i. 173 (eleistogamoufi BUininer 

 state), from dcsci-. & habitat. — On slcipes in cold ami dainj) woods, Nova Scotia aud Lower 

 Canada to I'enn.,' aud aloIlg^li^'hel• niountaiins to N. Carolina; first coll. by Michaus. 



* * * Low-caulescent oidy Ijy stoluuifnrni liowcriiiL; liranclies or by aMccndin^ 2-."Meaved 

 stems, slender, almost glabrous, mnltiplyin-; by long tiliforra nwtstocks: leaves r,,mform 

 or conlate and only crenulatedenticulate : corolla pure light yellow, with short saccate 

 spur ; stigma terminal, l)eardlcss and beaklcss. 



V. saxmentosa, Dolul. Kootstock thickenc<l and stii)nlar-scaly under old flowering 

 plants, bearing a cluster of roundish-cordate (in age brown-|>unctate) leaves and scapes of 

 about the length of the petioles, later producing long leafy runners bearing axillary flowers, 

 stipules browu-8carious„ ovate-subulate : petals about 4 lines long; spur very short aud 

 broad: stigma obscurely margined. — Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 80 ; Terr. & Gray, 

 Fl. i. 143. — Coniferous woods, Idaho and northward to Brit. Columbia, thence south to 

 Ct)ast Mountains of California ; first coll. by Dow/las. 



Var. orbiculata, Gray, u. var. Leaves round-reuiform, more lucid: leafy runners 

 few and short, iiearing only cleistogainous flowers. — V. orbiculata, Gey er in Hook. Loud. 

 Jour. Bot. vi. 73. ? V. rotundifolia. Hook. 1. c, — Mountains of Idaho aud Wasliington, 

 Geyer, Suksdoif. 



V. biflora, L. Flowering rarely from the rootstock, I-2-flowered at summit of si)aii high 

 2-.'Meaved asceuding stems : leaves round-reuiform (about inch wide) : stipules of caulino 

 leaves green, ovate or oblong, obtu.se : saccate spur conical : stigma margined on two sides. 

 — Spec. ii. 936 ; Fl. Dan. t. 46 ; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2089 ; Ileiclienb. Ic. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 1 , f. 

 4489; Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii. 404. — liocky Mountains of Colorado, Parry, 

 Hall & Harbour. (Kamtsch. and Japan to Eu.) 



* * * * Subcaulescent, first flowering from the ground, aud later usually more caulescent 

 (producing ascending or erect leaf-bearing stems a span or two high) on slender shoots 

 from erect or a.scending rootstocks, not stoloniforous or creeping: stipules partly aud 

 variably adnate : corolla wholly or partly yellow (e.xcept in last two species) and with 

 short-saccate spur: stigma beakless, sometimes with a short lip, concave, mostly orbic- 

 ular, antrorse-termiual or slightly oUique at tiie large and giblious clav.ite summit of 

 the style, bearded below its margin on each side by a tuft, or sometimes by nearly a ring, 

 of stiff and reflexed or spreading bristles. Western species, one also cismontane. 



^— Leaves undivided, round-ovate or subcordate to lanceolate : lateral petals either slightly 

 bearded or beardless iu the same species. 



++ Ovary and oval capsule glabrous. 



V. pedunculata, Tour. & Gkay. Barely puberulent: .short-caulescent stems commonly 

 ascending fiom filiform subterranean biise and soon spreading: leaves round-ovate or dilated 

 sul)cordate, mostly repand-dentate (.5 to 10 lines or at length inch and a half long), com- 

 paratively loug-petiuled : stijiules narrow, uppermost often sparingly toothed: flower large, 

 on peduncle (2 to 5 inches long) much surpassing the leaves: petals half inch long or more 

 deep golden yellow, with brown-pnride lines at base and upper ones sometimes particolored 

 with same: sepals lanceolate. — Fl. i. 141 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. .5004; Brew. & Wats. Bot 

 Calif, i. 56 ; Fl. Serres, xxiii. t. 2426. — California, irom San Francisco Bay to San Diego, 

 and nearly to Arizona. 



V. Nuttallii, Pirsii. Villou.s-pubescent, glabrate, or nearly glabrous: leaves ovate to 

 oblong lanceolate, obtuse, entire or slightly repand-crenate or barely tlenticulate, more or 

 less decnrrent into long margined petiole: .stipules narrow, entire: peduncles shorter than 

 or rarely surpassing the leaves, and light yellow jietals 4 or .') lines long, or (in var. major. 

 Hook.) longer tlian the leaves, and j.etals ii:ilf inch or so long: .sepals lanccolat*' to linear, 

 acute. — Fl. i. 174; Nutt. Gen. i. 1.51 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 79, t. 26; Wat.s. Bot. King 

 Exp. 35, excl. var. ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 57 V. pnvmorsa. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 

 80, partlv, as to pi. Scouler ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; not Dougl. in LiniU. I'. lin'ni<rfiJia. Xutt. 

 in Torr."& Gray, 1. c— Plains of Kansjis. Pr. A. W'aLson, and Colorado to Siuskatchewan, 

 Brit. Columbia, and south to Centr. California. 



1 Jctrerson Co., Indiana? Hubbard, aud reported from ,Minn.s,.la by Upliani and .MacMillan. 



