Viola. viuLAcK.i:. 2o;i 



yellowish white, lower petal witli Or<)wu-|jur]ile lines; spur tliiik, rather Bhorter thaii the 

 sepals: capsule ovoid. — Kew. iii. L>90 ; Will.l. Spue. i. J 166; I'urali, Fl. i. 174 ; Ueicheiib. 

 Ic. 11. Crit. i. 45, t. .^)4, f. 112; Torr. & (jray, Fl. i. 139 ; 'r..rr. Fl. N. V. i. 73. t. » ; Gruy, 

 Mail. ed. 5, 79. T. </</W/i-, Miehx. Fl. ii. 150. F. u//«//o/yi, Link, Kiiurn. i. 241. W strial'u, 

 orhruleucu, & tepeits, Schwein. Am. Jour. Sci. v. 76, 69, 70. I'. lAWisiana, (iiug. in DC. 

 I'rodr. i. 298. — Low and shady grounds, aloug streams, Upper Canada aud New Vork to 

 mountains of Georgia, west to Minnesota and Missouri. 



V. canina, L. Mostly low and rather small-leaved, spring flowering and later cleistuga" 

 mous: corolla blue or violet (rarely a white variety) : petals inconsjiicuously lincate : npur 

 cvlindraceous, from a third to more than half the length of the petals: capsule ovoid- 

 oblong. — Spec. ii. 935. — A collective species or assemblage (Ku. & N. Asia), of which the 

 N. American forms may a.-* well be ranked as sjiecial varieties. 



Var. Muhlenbergii, Tuautv. (jlai)rous or nearly so, ascending or erect from short 

 root stocks, a span or more high, often with some decumbent radical stems which mav elon- 

 gate into leafy runners in summer : lower leaves round-reniform and upper rouii<I-cordate, half 

 inch to inch long, crcnulate : petals a third to at most half inch long, light violet, o<'casiou- 

 ally white. — Act. Hort. Petrop. v. 28; Gray, Hot. Gaz. xi. 292. V. Mu/Jenbcn/ii, Torr. Fl. 

 \."& Midd. States, 256 (1824); Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 140. T. MuhUnhfvjiana, Ging. in DC. 

 I'rodr. i. 297 ; Le Conte, 1. c. 148 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 78, with var. viiiior, a small fcirm, of 

 which the extreme is of same name by Lange, Fl. Dan. t. 2710, in Greenland. 1*. tis<,rij'fiii<i 

 (uliji)ws(i), Muhl. Cat. 20, not Pursh. ' V. ilebilis, Pursh, Fl. i. 174; Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2, 97, 

 not Michx. ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1378. V. Lubrutlon'ca, Schrank, Kegeusb. Donskr. Hot. 

 Gcsell. i. pt. 2, 12 ; DC. 1. c. 306. V. punctata, Schwcin. Am. Jour. Sci. v. 67 ; DC. 1. c 305. 

 V. conspersa, Keicheiib. Ic. PI. Crit. i. 44, t. 52, f. 108. l". caniiui, Mit.sylfestn's, Kegel. Hull. 

 Soc. Xat. iMosc. xxxv. 245, partly ; Gray, Mau. ed. 5, 79 ; Wats. Bibl. Index, 82. — Low and 

 shady or wet grounds, mountains of N. Carolina and in low country of Penu. to Minnes<jta, 

 L. Superior (where a, summer form iu loose sand on the beach imitates the Kiiropeau 

 r. areuaria, coll. En(ichiutnn), northward, aud northeastward to Labrador and G.eenland. 

 Jlore like V. si/lve'stiix than any other Old World form. 



Var.* puberula, W.\t.son. F^iuely puberulent thi'oughout: leaves ovate, shallowly or 

 often not at all cordate, mostly small in size : flowers also small. — Wats, iu Gray, Man. eti. 6, 

 81. I', si/lvestn's, var. puberula, Sheldon, Bull. Geol. Surv. Minn. ix. 17. — Dry grouml, 

 mostly rocky or sandy soil, Maine to Lake Superior, aud adjacent Canada, and westward 

 even to Washington and Oregon. 



Var. multicaulis, Gkay. More depressed and stoloniferous, beginning t" ■ 

 from radical rosettes, soon producing prostrate leafy cleistogamous flowering 1 • 

 lea\ cs mostly suborbicular, cordate or reniform, small : stipules commonly browuisii .- ... .■ .,- 

 and strongly ])ectinate-laciniate. — Bot. (Jaz. xi. 292. K canina, Walt. Car. 219. 1'. radi- 

 rnns, DC. Prodr. i. 297. V. repenx, Schwein. I.e. 69. V. Mnldenbenpi, var. multicaulis, Torr. 

 &. Gray, 1. c. 140.' — Rocky or sandy ground, Kentucky to Florid.a, Louisiana, and Tex.x<; fl. 

 Feb. to April, and later cleistogamous on the runners. 



Var. adunca, Gijay. Nearly glabrous, multicipital and mostly very short-stemmed 

 from more indurated rootstocks: leaves from ov.ate-orbicular to oblong-ovate, barely sulv 

 cordate, rarely lower ones more deeply conl.ite : petals from half down to (|uartcr inch long ; 

 spur commonly almost as long as the petals, either a little curved or hooked or straight. — 

 Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 377; Brew. & VV.its. But. Calif, i. 55. with var. lonrjipes. V. .Muhhn- 

 bertfii, var. pubcscrns, passing to V. ntlunci. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 2. xxxiii. 404. 

 I', adunca. Smith iu liees, Cyd. xxxviii. ; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. i. 79; Torr. & Gray. 1. c. 141. 

 V. loDf/ipes, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 140; Bonth. PI. Hartw. 298. form with long p<>dun- 

 cles, flowers nearly of Wsi/lvestris, and abbreviated stems, the hirge spur sometimes curve«l, 

 oftencr straight. T'. mnina, var. nipealris, Kegel, 1. c. 250, a*< to plant of N. W. Coast. — 

 Koiky Mountains, from Colorado to Montana (where it pa.s.«es into the preceding form) ami 

 northwaril, west to mountains of Arizona, the coast of California, aud Alaska, northeast 

 to the Ottawa, Cana<la. 



Var. OX^ceras, Watsos. Spur of the nither small corolla narrow, acute. aUiut as 

 long as the pet:ils : peduncles not surpassing the leaves. — Bot. Calif, i. 56. — California in 



1 Add syn. r. multiaiulis, Britton, Mcin. Torr. Club, v. iJ'JZ. 



