212 CARYOPHYLLACEiE. Dianthus. 



dentate. — Pursh, Fl. i. 314 ; Bigel. Fl. Bost. 108 ; Torr. Fl. N. & Midd. States, 447 ; Torr. 

 & Gray, Fl. i. 195. D. armeroides, Raf. in Desv. Jour. Bot. iii. 269 (1814), & Precis 

 Decouv.'ae (1814). Atocion armerioides, Raf. Autikon Bot. 29. — Fields and pine woods, 

 Canada and Eastern States from Maine (Portland Catalogue) to Virginia and westward at 

 least as far as Micliigan and Iowa (ace. to Shimck) ; also naturalized and spreading upon 

 rocky shores of Vancouver Isl. (ace. to J. M. Macoun) ; fl. June, July. Autumnal fldwers 

 in October noted by L. F. Ward, and by others. (Eu., Caucasus.) 



^ ^ .i- Bractlets broad, scarious, concealing the calyx. 

 D. pk6lifer, L, 1. c. Annual, a foot or two in height: stems wiry: leaves narrow, minutely 

 'scabrous, acute : heads terminal, 2 - several-flowered, inclosed in thin dry ovate obtusish 

 mucrona'te imbricated bractlets : flowers expanding one at a time, ci)hemeral : caly.x tubu- 

 lar; the veins faint, collected into five groups: petals small, notched, pink or red. — Eng. 

 Bot. t. 956. Tunica prolifera, Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, i. 299. — New Jersey, Durand ; Eastern 

 Pennsylvania, Smith, Porter; Staten Island, Britton ; Suffolk Co., Long Island, Ilollick ; 

 Delaware, ace to Commons; Cleveland, O., Beardslee ; fl. all summer. This species, 

 especially in its calyx, forms a transition to the next genus. (Eu., Caucasus.) 



3. TtTNICA, Rupp. {Tunica, a tunic, probably in reference to the close 

 involucre.) — Slender wiry-stemmed herbs with small mostly linear leaves. 

 Flowers terminal, solitary or fascicled in small heads. — Fl. Jen. 105; Adans. 

 Fam. ii. 255, in part ; Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, i. 298 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 

 145; Williams, Jour. Bot. xxviii. 193. — Old World plants represented in Amer- 

 ica by a single species recently introduced. 



T s\xfFRAGA, Scop. 1. c. 300. Smooth : stems numerous, slender, branching, curved-ascend- 

 ' in'' : leaves small, linear, acute, less than half a line in width : the lower internodes very 

 short : flowers small, numerous, terminal, solitary : bractlets 2 pairs, scarious except in the 

 middle, acute, considerably shorter than the calyx : petals notched, pale purple ; blades 

 a line in length. — Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vi. t. 246. Dianthus Sa.rifragus, L. Spec. i. 413. 

 — Flushing, L. I., J. Schrenk, and on roadsides near Loudon, Ontario, Buriiess. (Adv. 

 from Eu.) 



4. G-YPS6PHILA, L. (ru^os, gypsum, and (fnXelv, to love, from a sup- 

 posed preference for soil rich in gypsum.) — Amcen. Acad. iii. 23 (Diss. Chen. 

 1751, 41), & Spec. i. 406 ; DC. Prodr. i. 251, in part ; Reichenb. 1. c. t. 239-242 ; 

 Benth. & Hook. Gen. i. 146; Williams, 1. c. xxvii. 321. — Old World herbs of 

 graceful habit, mostly natives of Southern Europe and Western Asia. Several 

 species are cultivated for ornament ; the following are sparingly naturalized. 



G MfRALis, L. Low annual with the habit of Arenaria : leaves small, linear, acute : flowers 

 'scattered in the forks of the branches : pedicels filiform, two or three times as long as the 

 calvx : petals pink with darker veins, emarginate, 2 to 3 lines in length. — Spec. i. 408 ; Fl. 

 Dan. t. 1268. — Roadsides and sandy places from Maine, Miss Blatchford, to 'Sevf Jen^ey, 

 Brown, and westward to London, Canada, Dearness ; becoming fretpient. (Adv. from S. 

 and Midd. Eu., Siberia.) 



G panictjlAta, L. 1. c. 407. (Baby's Breath.) Perennial, glabrous and somewhat glau- 

 *cous 2 feet or more in height : leaves lanceolate, acute, 1 to 1^ inches in length: flowers 

 very' numerous in a compound panicle: segments of the c.ilyx with consi)icuous white sca- 

 rious margins : petals scarcely exceeding the calyx: capsule nearly spherical. — Reichenb. 

 1. c. t. 242. — Doubtfully established at Emer.son, Manitoba, Foivler. (Adv. from Eu.) 

 5. SAPONARIA, L. Soapwort. (Latin sapo, soap; S. officinalis 



having been used as a substitute for soap, the juice being capable of forming a 



lather!) — Syst. Nat. ed. 1, & Gen. no. 365 ; DC. Prodr. i. 365 ; Benth. & Hook. 



Gen. i. 146. — A genus of the Old World including plants of diverse habit. Two 



