MAF.VACK.K. 295 



bud, both 5-merous, the petals united at very base and aduaU; to tube of filanieutJ* 

 (column). Anthers reuiionn and 1-eelled, dehiscent rountl the convex bide; 

 pollen-graius hispidulous. Gyua'cium oligo-polynierous ; seeds anij)ijitroiM»u», 

 with little albumen or none; embryo incurved, and broad foliaceous cotyhflonH 

 variously plicate or contortuplicate. Peduncles axillary ; pedicels often articu- 

 lated with the peduncle or under the calyx. Calyx persistent, often subtend.-d 

 by an iuvolucel like an accessory calyx, sometimes calhd an epicuhjx. — A readilv 

 distinguished and well defined order. The tropical suborder JJumbaceee consists 

 of trees. 



Tkibe I. MALOPE.E, with indefinitely ninuerous l-scecK-d carpels conppsted witK- 

 out order or in a 5-lobed liead, has no N. American rt'i)resentativ<'s. Malope tntila- 

 coides, L., a European annual, sometimes cultivated in gardens, is in \Vah<r's 

 Flora, probably by mistake; and Elliott's plant, from his own account and 

 opinion, was a mallow. Kitaibelia, of Hungary, is in gardens. 



Tribe II. MALVE^E. Carjjels as many as the style-branches and stigmas, 

 crowded or combined in a single .series around a central axis from which tln-y 

 commonly separate at maturity, 1-few-ovulate. Stamineal column antlu-rift-rous 

 at the summit. 



Subtribe I. Eumalve.e. Style-branches filiform, longitudinally stigmatose ante- 

 riorly. Carpels numerous or rarely few, mostly reniforni and indehi.scent, contain- 

 ing a solitary peritropous-ascending ovule and reniforni seed. 



* Stamens simply inonadelphous : flowers (hermaphrodite) involuciUate undfT the c.ilvx 

 by three or more bractlets, except in some species of VaUirhoe. 



1 . MALVA. Involiuel of 3 or rarely 2 distinct small hractlets. Calyx 5-cloft. Petals oln-iir- 

 diito or deeply emargiiiate. Mature carpels rouud-reiiiform, beaklcs.-*, much comiiro!«»e<l, 

 cohering in a depressed circle around the axis (wiiich is not expanded or enlarged at tojt), 

 at length separating from it and from each other. Herbs, of the Old World. 



2. ALTH^A. Involucel of several (6 to 9 or more) bractlets more or less gamopliyllous 

 at base. Flowers and fruit of Mulva. 



3. LAVATERA § Savixiona. Involucel of 3 more or less gamophyllous bractlets. Pet.ils 

 reflexed after anthesis. emarginate or truncate, unguiculate. Stamineal column clonj^atcd. 

 Axis of fruit with more or less conical top. Carpels l)eakless. Slirubby. Flower->t;ilks 

 articulated above the middle. 



4. CALLIRHOE. Involucel l-3-j)liyllous or wanting. I'et.ils cuneiform or flalHlliform. 

 the bro.ad truncate .summit erose-denticulate. Mature carpels (10 to 20) straighti.>ih or little 

 incurved, compressed, more or less beaked or ajiiculate, the incurved slmrt lieak in tvpic.il 

 species with cavity separated from that containing the seed. IVrennials with thick and 

 farinaceous napiform or fusiform root, one or two species excepted. 



* * Stamens more or less united into phalanges in a double . series : flowers hermaphr<Mliie 

 or by aliortion of stamens sometimes ditecio-polygamous, mostly without involucel. 



5. SIDALCEA. Calyx .5-clcft or -parted. Petals commonly emarginate or tmnratc. 

 Stamineal column in the typical species distinctly double; the exterior serie.t distinctly 

 below the summit of the common .«ynema and of .'> distinct 4-10 antherifen^u.-* phalnnps ; 

 inner or terminal series of about 10 mostly 2 antheriferous phalanges, or irrei;»l.irly more 

 or less geminate stamens. Carpels .') to 9, reniforni, at maturity separating from n jK-rsi.-tcnt 

 axis, then more lacerate ventrally, rarely somewhat 2-valved. 



* * * Stamens at summit of simple column, not in plialanges : flowers diuciou.'* : no 

 involucel. 



6. NAP.£A. Calyx .short, not angul.ate, .Vlobed. Petals olK.vate, ontiro. The ^ flowrn* 

 with 1.5 to 20 stamens in a single series, and a mere rudiment of pintil ; the 9 flowers 



