408 RHAMNACE.E. PJiamnus. 



Gaz. xxi. 235. — Established in swamps at New Durliam and Secaucus, N. J., and on Long 

 Island, N. Y. (lutrod. from Eu.) 



R. Purshiana, DC. Small or medium-sized tree with somewhat yellow-pubescent often 

 greenish gray (or reddish !) twigs : leaves broadly elliptical, rounded or slightly cordate at 

 base, very obtuse to abruptly blunt-pointed, slightly if at all revolute, often undulate, irregu- 

 larly and closely spreading-serrulate or denticulate, coarsely pinuately veined and mo.stly 

 with evident transverse veinlets (the midrib broad and usually pale as seen from the uj)per 

 surface), usually persistently short-villous beneath and on the veius above, 2 to 6 inches long, 

 rather thin, deciduous ; the short petioles downy : peduncles 4 to 15 lines long, at least the 

 upper longer than the petioles ; pedicels 2 or 3 lines long : flowers 5-merous : carpels 3. — 

 Prodr. ii. 25 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Ain. i. 123, t. 43; Torr. & Gray, El. i. 262 ; Brew. & Wats. 

 Bot. Calif, i. 101 ; Trelease, 1. c. 366; Sargent, Gard. & For. iv. 75, & Silv. ii. 37, t. G3, iu 

 part; Rusby, Druggists' Bull. iv. 334, f. 1, 8. Cnrdiolepis obtiisa, Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 28. 

 Frangula Purshiana, Coop. Smithson. Rep. 1858, 259. — Northern Idaho to Brit. Columbia, 

 Washington, Oregon, and, in less characteristic form, the Sierras of Northern California. 

 A form from Placer County, California, Carpenter, with obovoid cuueate leaves 3 to 5 inches 

 long, is R. anonrv/olia, Greene, I'ittonia, iii. 16. A form approaching the next, with elliptical 

 obtuse coriaceous leaves about 2 inches long, with midrib exposed above and the inflores- 

 cence reaching to the middle of the blade, is R. occidentalis, Howell, Pacif. Coast PI. 1887; 

 Greene, Pittonia, ii. 15; Rusby, 1. c 335, f. 6, 7 ; R. Californica, K. Brandegee, Zoe, i. 241, 

 from Waldo County, Oregon, Howell. 



R. Californica, Eschs. Tall shrub or exceptionally arborescent, with somewhat tomentose 

 green to purple twigs : leaves elliptical, mostly rounded at base, olituse to subacute, mostly 

 a little revolute, entire, serrulate, or denticulate, prominently pinnately veined (the midrib a 

 mere sunken often granular impressed line as seen from above), glabrate or short-tomentose 

 on the veins beneath, often somewhat glossy below, 1 to 3 or rarely 4 or 5 inches long, ever- 

 green in the warmer districts and then often reticulated ; the short petioles tomentulose : 

 peduncles 2 to 8 lines long, not commonly much exceeding the petioles ; pedicels 1 to 3 lines 

 long, both glabrous or puberulent : flowers 4-5-merous : fruit subglobose ; the cocci mostly 

 2, large and usually not attenuated at base. — Mem. Acad. St. Pe'tersb. ser. 6, x. 285 ; Torr. & 

 Gray, Fl. i. 263 ; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, i. 101 ; Trelease, 1. c. 366 ; M. K. Curran, Proc. 

 CalLf. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, i, 252 ; K. Brandegee, Zoe, i. 240 ; Rusby, 1. c. 335, f. 2, 3, 9. R. olei- 

 foUus, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 123, t. 44 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 260; Rev. Hort. 1874,354, f.47. 

 R. laurifolius, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 260. R. leucodermis, Nutt. 1. c. 261. R. Piirs/ii- 

 ana, Sargent, Silv. ii. 37, t. 62, in part. Endotropis oleifolia, Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 31. Perfonon 

 laurifolium, Raf. 1. c. 29. Frangula Californica, Gray, Gen. 111. ii. 178. — Throughout Cali- 

 fornia. A form with large elliptical leaves sometimes over 5 inches long, from Mendocino, 

 Bolander, and Pasadena, Brandegee, approaches the preceding. 



Var. betulaefolia, Tkelease, n. comb. A form approaching the preceding species, 

 with thin elliptical minutely serrulate obtuse or bluntly acuminate leaves about 4 inches 

 long. — R. hetulafolia, Greene, Pittonia, iii. 16. — Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, Havard, and 

 Mogollon Mountains, New Mexico, Rusbi/. 



Var. rubra, Trelease, 1. c. 367. A scarcely separable form with slender glabrous red 

 twigs, oblong-lanceolate or very narrowly obovate thin deciduous nearly glabrate leaves 

 scarcely 2 inches long, with the midrib often more visible above, and mostly obovoid fruit 

 with the cocci attenuate below. — R. rubra, Greene, Pittonia, i. 68, 160. R. Purs/iiana, 

 Sargent, Silv. ii. t. 63, f. 3. — Eastern slope of the Sierras (Truckee and the Upper 

 Sacramento). 



Var. tomentella. Brew. & Wats. With tomentose reddish twigs, revolute mostly 

 entire evergreen leaves persistently yellow-tomentose below, and peduncles commonly exceed- 

 ing the petioles. — Bot. Calif, i. io'l ; Trelease, 1. c. 367. R. tomentella, Benth. PI. Hartw. 

 303 ; Rusby, Druggists' Bull. iv. 335, f. 4, 5 ; K. Brandegee, Zoe, i. 244. R. Purshiana, var. 

 tomentella, Sargent, Silv. ii. 39, t. 6.3, f. 2. — Extends from Southern California to Arizona 

 and New Mexico, and is connected with the type of the species by occasional specimens 

 from more northern parts of its range, Brownsville, /////, Sta. Cruz Mountains and Alta, 

 Brandegee. 



