438 SAPIXDACE.E. Acer. 



nearly glabrate (coll. Bush), and occasional in the Eastern Gulf States to Georgia (ace. to 

 Sargent). 



* * Petals minute or more commonly none : calyx of the d flowers a narrow turljinate 

 cup, merely crenate-tootiied. 

 A. saccharinum, L-, not Wang. (Silvkr Maplk.) In favoral)le situations becoming a 

 large tree 4 or 5 feet in diameter and 60 or 80, or even 100 feet in heiglit : trunk dividing 

 at no great height into 2 to several large ascending branches, the ultimate branchlets some- 

 what i)endulous: bark of the trunk and large branches gray, cortex of the branciilets red- 

 dish brown, lucid : leaves at first silky-tomentose, then puberulous and soon quite glabrate, 

 incisely 3-5-lobed, being cleft two tiiirds of the way to the base, green al)ove, very ])ale and 

 glaucous beneath except on the veins ; lobes again ratiier deeply and somewhat doubly 

 incised, the outer pair, when present, much smaller than the others : bud-scales small, 

 ovate to oblong, tomentose on the margins : flowers small, greenish yellow, appearing 

 much before the leaves : filaments of the d flowers very slender, much exceeding the calyx : 

 fruit large, carpels at full maturity 2 inches in length, at first tomentose, later nearly or 

 quite glabrate ; the body strongly and longitudinally nerved ; one carpel usually abortive or 

 empty. — Spec. ii. 1035; Koch, Hort. Dendr. 80 ; Sargent, Gard. & For. ii. 364, & Silv. ii. 

 103, t. 93. A. (lasi/carptim, Ehrh. Beitr. iv. 24 ; Pursh, Fl. i. 266 ; Nutt. Sylv. ii. 87 ; Ell. Sk. 

 i. 449 ; Emerson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 2, ii. 556, with plate ; Sargent, U. S. 10th 

 Census, ix. 49; Pax in Engl. Jahrb. vii. 179. A. rubrwu mas, Schmidt, Oestr. Baum. 

 i. 11, t. 7. A. rubriun, \a,T. pallidum, Ait. Kew. iii. 434. A. eriocar/nim, Michx. Fl. ii. 253; 

 Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 205, t. 13. The Linnaean description and the still extant 

 authentic specimen leave no doubt whatever of the application of the Linnajan name, which, 

 notwithstanding the regrettable displacement of Wangenheim's later homonym, is here used 

 consistently with the laws of specific nomenclature followed in other parts of this work. In 

 no system of nomenclature can such unfortunate changes be altogether avoided and tiie 

 Kew Rule certainly leads to as few as any. It may be noted that the name saccharinum, as 

 here applied, is not wholly inappropriate, since the present species is regularly tapped in 

 some localities and yields a fair quantity of sugar. — Rich woods, especially on river bot- 

 toms (hence sometimes called "Intervale Maple"), New Brunswick and Lower Canada to 

 Florida and northwest to Dakota (ace. to Sargent) ; fl. February to April ; fr. May to June, 

 sometimes adhering until August. An attractive and rapid growing shade-tree, much cul- 

 tivated, but unfortunately short-lived and subject to injuries from insects and ice. The 

 seedling var. laciniatum, Sargent, 1. c 105 (the A. Inciniatum Weirii of horticulturists), also 

 much planted in eastern cities, has still more deeply cleft leaves with very narrow and elon- 

 gated segments. 



§ 4. Sacchari'na, Pax. Flowers appearing with or a little before the leaves, 

 monochlamydeous, andro-monoecious, pendulous on filiform pedicels ; these in 

 fasciculate-umbels ; the fertile at the ends of the branchlets ; the sterile mostly 

 lateral : calyx united into a 5-toothed cup : divaricate segments of the fruit 

 strongly connate, seldom separating until after falling ; wings more or less spatu- 

 late, subparallel to almost divaricate : leaves simple, 3-5-lobed, with rounded 

 sinuses ; the lobes entire, undulate or coarsely sinuate-dentate. — Pax in Engl. 

 Jahrb. vi. 328. — Sugar Maples, Hard Maples. 



* Species of the Atlantic Slope and Mississippi Valley : calyx promptly deciduous. 

 -1— Chiefly Northern : large trees, with grayish or almost black bark. 

 A. saccharum, Marsh. (Sugar Maple, Rock Maple.) Tall tree, in favoraldo situa- 

 tions becoming 100 feet or more in height and 2 to 4 feet in diameter; wood firm, heavy, 

 fine-grained, white ; bark pale to rather deep gray, in some individuals remaining close and 

 firm, in others at length scaling off in large irregular flakes : leaves mostly 5-lobed, cordate 

 with shallow open basal sinus ; lobes sinuately 1-3-toothed ; upper surface green ; the lower 

 more or less whitened or glaucous, often tomentulose ; petioles mostly glabrous or nearly so ; 

 stipules none : pedicels and yellowish green flowers villous : calyx campanulate, obtusely 

 toothed : disk of sterile flowers surrounding the insertion of the filaments : keys early gla- 



