Downingia. CAMPANULACE^. 9 



S't incheslong.'^"^^ "^ '' ^°^^"^ ^ ^^^^^ *« ^^^ -°^ ^-g -^ I'-ad. Capsule 

 D. pulcheUa, Torr Mostly lower or weaker-stemmed: leaves more linear and obtuse: 

 large lip of he corolla deeply 3-lobed ; the other two lobes .oblong-ovate : seeds elongated- 

 oblong.- Chntonia pulcheUa, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1909; Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. 2. t. 412 -Wet 

 banks California, nearly through the State, and in the borders of N. Nevada and Oregon 

 Large lip of corolla much broader than long (9 or 10 by 5 or 6 Unes) ; all the lobes intense 

 blue ; the large centre mostly white. - Very like the preceding; both cultivated as orna- 

 mental annuals. 



Order LXXVI. CAMPANULACE^. 



Herbs, with bland milky juice, alternate simple leaves, no stipules, and regular 

 5-merous flowers ; the tube of the calyx adnate to the 2-5-celled many-ovuled 

 ovary ; the corolla and 5 stamens (alternate with its lobes) inserted where the 

 calyx becomes free, or the latter adnate merely to the base of the corolla ; fruit a 

 many-seeded capsule, rarely baccate. Calyx persistent, usually divided down to 

 the ovary. Corolla valvate, induplicate, or rarely imbricate in the bud. Stamens 

 mostly distinct : anthers with 2 parallel cells, introrse. Style one, almost always 

 pubescent or puberulent for some distance below the 2 to 5 introrse stigmas. 

 Ovules anatropous, on placentae projecting from the axis. Seeds small, usually 

 smooth. Embryo straight in the axis of fleshy albumen. Flowers often showy ; 

 the corolla commonly blue or in the same species white, and withering rather than 

 deciduous. In fertilization proterandrous ; the anthers opening in the bud, dis- 

 charging their pollen upon the style, where it accumulates upon the collecting 

 hairs or pubescence ; the stigmas (then firmly conniving) maturing and diVerging 

 much later, receiving only pollen conveyed from flower to flower by insects. 



Tribe I. SPHEXOCLE^. Corolla imbricated in the bud, bearing the short sta- 

 mens. Style destitute of collecting hairs. Flowers simply spicate, centripetal. 



1. SPHENOCLEA. Flowers all alike. Calyx with 5 roundish lobes ; the short tube ad- 

 nate aJmost to tlie depressed summit of the ovary. Corolla short-campanulate 5-lobed 

 deciduous, bearing the stamens on the lower part of its tube. Style very short • stigma 

 capitate-2-lobed. Capsule globular and cuneate at base, 2-celled, with stipitate placentiE 

 circuniscissile just below the calyx-lobes, which fall with the lid. Seeds very numerous) 



Tribe II. CAMPANULE^. Corolla mostly valvate or induplicate in the bud, and 

 stamens free or adnate to its very base. Style below the stigmas clothed with pollen- 

 collecting hairs. Inflorescence mostly centrifugal, sometimes centripetal. 

 * Capsule opening by a perforation at the apex within the calyx. 



2. GITHOPSIS. Flowers all alike and corolUferous. Tube of the calyx club-shaped, 

 strongly 10-nbbed, adnate up to the very summit of the ovary; limb of 5 long and linear 

 loliaceous lobes. Corolla tubular-campanulate 5-lobed. Filaments short, dilated at tlie 

 base : anthers long, linear. Ovary 3-ceIled : stigma 3-lobed. Capsule club-siiaped, cori- 

 aceous, crowned with tlie rigid calyx-lobes of its own length, strongly striate-ribbed, many- 

 seeded, opening when the persistent base of the style falls away by a round hole in its 

 place. Seeds fusiform-oblong. — Annual. 



* * Capsule dehiscent by one or more small valvular openings on the sides, usually over 

 a partition, rarely disposed also to split septicidally. 



3. SPECULARIA. Flowers in Amer. species dimorphous ; the earlier ones smaller, with 

 undeveloped corolla, and close-fertilized in the bud. Calyx-lobes in these flowers com- 

 monly 3 or 4, in the ordinary corolliferous flowers 5, narrow : calyx-tube more or less elon- 

 gated and narrow, usually prismatic. Corolla short and broad, rotate when expanded 

 or nearly so, 5-lobed or 5-parted. Anthers linear. Stigmas and cells of the ovary 3, some- 

 times 2 or 4. Capsule prismatic or elongated obconical, or cylindraceous ; the valvular 

 openings either near the summit or near the middle. — Annuals. 



