10 CAJ^IPANULACE^. Sphenoclea. 



4. CAMPANULA. Flowers all alike and corolliferous. Calyx-lobes 5, narrow, its tube 

 short and broad. Corolla campanulate or nearly rotate, 5-Iobed or 5-parted. Filaments 

 dilated at base : anthers oblong or linear. Stigmas and cells of the ovary 3 to 5. Cap- 

 sule mostly short, opening on the sides or near the base by 3 to 5 small uplifted valves or 

 perforations. 



* * * Capsule bursting indefinitely on the sides by the giving way of the thin walls. 



5. HETEROCODON. Flowers dimorphous in the manner of Specularia. Calyx with 

 large and leaf-like ovate lobes, 3 or 4 in the earlier, 5 in the later flowers, much longer 

 than the obpyramidal tube. Corolla open campanulate, 5-lobed. Stamens, style, &c., as in 

 Campanula. Capsule 3-celled, 3-angled, very thin and membranaceous. Seeds numerous, 

 oblong, obscurely triangular. — Annual. 



1. SPHENOCLEA, Gsertn. (-Tqpjjr, a wedge, and nXeico, to shut up, the 

 bases of the crowded capsules becoming wedge-shaped by mutual pressure.) — A 

 single species, native of tropical Africa or Asia, dispersed over the warmer parts 

 of the world. 



S. ZeylAnica, Gaertn. Glabrous and somewhat succulent annual, a foot or more high : 

 leaves entire, from obovate to lanceolate, tapering into a petiole : flowers closely sessile in 

 a dense terminal pedunculate spike, small, each subtended by a short bract and pair of 

 bractlets : corolla white, a line or so wide, slightly exceeding the calyx. — S. Pongatlum, 

 A.DC. Prodr. vii. 548. Pongatlum Indicum (Juss.), Lam. — Low grounds, nat. in Louisiana. 



2. GITHOPSIS, Nutt. (From the resemblance of the calyx to that of 

 Githago, the Corn Cockle.) — Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. viii. 258 ; Benth. 

 & Hook. Gen. ii. 559 ; Gray, Bot. Calif. L 446. — Single species. 



G. specularioides, Nutt. Small annual, 2 to 10 inches high, hirsute or glabrate : leaves 

 small, linear-oblong, coarsely toothed, sessile : flowers simply terminating the stem or 

 branches, or becoming lateral, strictly erect : corolla blue : rigid capsule tapering into a 

 very short and stout peduncle. — G. calyclna, Benth. PI. Hartw. 32L G. pulchella, Vatke in 

 Linn, xxxviii. 714. — Open grounds, California, toward the coast, and Oregon. Calyx- 

 lobes from near half to three-fourths inch long, rigidly 1-nerved, sometimes few-toothed. 

 The form named G. calyclna has short corolla, exceeded by the long calyx-lobes ; the G, 

 pulchella, longer corolla surpassing the calyx-lobes. 



3. SPECULiARIA, Heister, A.DC. (/Speculum Veneris, i. e. Venus's 

 Looking-Glass, an early popular appellation of the common European species.) — 

 Annuals, with leafy slender stems, and sessile or short-peduncled flowers, 1-2- 

 bracteolate, terminal or in the axils of the leaves. Corolla blue or purplish. The 

 American species, differing from those of the Old World chiefly in the dimorphism 

 of the flowers, are not to be generically separated. — Triodanis (not Triodallus), 

 Raf., founded on specimens with only the close-fertilized flowers yet appearing. 

 Dysmicodon, section of Specularia, Endl., but the true character unnoticed. Dtjs- 

 micodon ^ Campylocera, Nutt. 1. c. 



§ 1. Campyl(5cera, Gray. Flowers dimorphous. Stigmas 2 to 4. Capsule 

 slender, straight or curved, occasionally twisted, in the close-fertilized flowers 

 at least disposed to split longitudinally into valves, sometimes by abortion one- 

 celled. — Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 82. Campylocera, Nutt. 1. c. ' 



S. leptocarpa, Gray. Minutely hirsute and roughish or nearly glabrous : stems (a 

 span or two high) virgate, mostly simple or branched from the base: leaves lanceolate: 

 flowers closely sessile in their axils : stigmas 2 or 3 : cells of the ovary as many, 

 or in the lower close-fertilized flowers only one with a parietal placenta : calyx-lobes 

 of the lower flowers 3: capsules nearly cylindrical (half to three-fourths inch long, only a 

 line thick), inclined to curve and rarely to twist, opening by one or two uplifted valves 

 near the summit ; the lowest also often spliting longitudinally from the summit : seeds 

 oblong. — Proc. Am. Acad. 1. c. Campylocera leptocarpa, Nutt. 1. c. Specularia [Campanula) 



