Arciostaphylos. ERICACEAE. 27 



A. LAURiFOLiA, L. f. Suppl. 238, may be Pnmus Caroliniana, but is indeterminable. 

 A. LANCEOLATA, Lam. Diet. i. 227, is possibly the same, but has no valid foundation, having 

 been described solely from a .sterile branch of some cultivated shrub of uncertain origin. 

 A. AcADiENSis, L., founded on a phrase cited from Tournefort, which cannot be found, is 

 wholly obscure. 



A. Menziesii, Pursh. (Madrona.) Tree 80 to 100 feet high, with trunk a foot or two 

 in diameter in northern habitats, a shrub in its southern : bark close and smooth by exfoli- 

 ation, turning brownish-red : leaves oval or oblong, entire or serrulate, paler beneath, 3 to 

 6 inches long: spicate racemes minutely pubescent: corolla globular, white: berries dry, 

 somewhat drupaceous, hardly eatable, orange-color. — Hook. Fl. ii. 36 ; Nutt. Sylv. iii. 42, 

 t. 95 ; Newberry in Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 23, fig. ; Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 452.* A. procera, Dougl. 

 Bot. Reg. t. 1753. A. laurifolia, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxx. t. 67 (small-leaved Mexican form), 

 not L. f. A. Texana, Buckley in Proc. Acad. Pliilad. Dec. 1861 ; Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 

 U. S. 17, the small-leaved form of Texas and Mexico, possibly distinct, but apparently a 

 mere form of the Pacific species. — Puget Sound and southward tlirough the coast-region 

 of California to Arizona? and W. Texas. (Mex.) 



5. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adans. Bearberry, Manzanita. (Com- 

 posed of aQXTog, a bear, and oxacfvlri, grape or berry.) — Shrubs or small trees ; 

 with alternate leaves, and small mostly white or rose-colored flowers, chiefly in 

 racemes, spikes, or panicles, both bracteate and bracteolate. Flowers nearly as in 

 the preceding genus, but less rarely 4-merous, and ovules solitary in the cells, 

 which become bony nutlets or combine into a few-several -celled stone ; the drupes 

 somewhat bitter or astringent, or in Californian species subacid and more or 

 less edible. Leaves in the erect species almost always more or less vertical by a 

 twisting of the petiole, Fl. spring. — Gray in Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 116 ; Benth. & 

 Hook. Gen. ii. 581. 



§ 1. Arctous. Flowers preceding the thin and deciduous leaves: fruit juicy. 

 A. alpina, Spreng. Depressed or prostrate and tufted, rising little above the ground, 

 glabrate : leaves obovate with a tapering base, conspicuously rugose-reticulated, ciliate 

 when young : flowers few in a fascicle from a terminal lax-scaly bud : drupe rather large, 

 black, containing 4 or 5 stones. — Syst. ii. 287 ; DC. Prodr. vii. 584. Arbutus alpina, L. ; 

 Fl. Dan. t. 73 ; Engl. Bot. t. 2030. — Arctic America, south to Newfoundland and alpine 

 summits in New England ; also northern Rocky Mountains and Aleutian Islands. (Arctic- 

 alpine round the Old World.) 



§ 2. UvA-URSi. Leaves coriaceous and evergreen, in erect species inclined to be 



vertical, and the bark mahogany-color : drupe smooth, mealy ; its nutlets separate 



or separable, or irregularly coalescent : bracts persistent and usually becoming 



rigid. — Xerohotrys, Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. viii. 267. Daphnido- 



staphylis, Klotzsch in Linn. xxiv. 80. 



* Depressed-trailing or creeping, green, glabrous or minutely pubescent, no bristlv hairs: flowers 

 rather few in simple small clusters, 2 lines long: ovary aiid reddish fruit glabrous: nutlets 1- 

 nerved on the back. 



A. Uva-ursi, Spreng. (Bearberry.) Leaves oblong-spatulate, retuse, an inch or less 

 long, tapering into a petiole: fruit insipid. —yi. officinalis, Wimmer, Koch. Arbutus Uva- 

 ursi, L. Fl. Lapp. t. 6 ; Bigel. Med. Bot. t. 6. Daphnidostaphylis Fendleriana, Klotzsch in 

 Linn. xxiv. 81. — Rocky or sandy ground, Penn. to New Mexico, N. California, and north 

 to the arctic circle. (Arctic-montane Eu. & Asia.) 



A. Nevadensis. Leaves obovate or oval to lanceolate-spatulate, cuspidate-mucronate, 

 thicker, abruptly petioled : berries subacid. — A. pungens, var. (small Manzanita), Gray, 

 Bot. Calif, i. 453. — Sierra Nevada, California, common at 8-10,000 feet. Rising only a 

 few inches, or at most a foot above the surface of the ground, from rigid procumbent main 

 stems: apparently there are no transitions into A. pungens, which is sometimes found at 

 the same altitudes. 



