178 BORRAGINACE^. 



5. TOXJRNEFORTIA. Fruit drupaceous. Shrubs or woody twiners, or rarely almost 

 ' herbaceous. Otherwise nearly as Heliotropium. 



6 HELIOTROPIUM. Calyx deeply 6-parted, persistent. Corolla salverform or funnel- 

 ' form, plaited and mostly imbricated in the bud. Stamens included : filaments short or 

 none': anthers connivent, sometimes cohering by pointed tips. Ovary 4-celled, 4-ovuled. 

 Fruit dry, 2- or 4-lobed, separating into 2 indurated 2-celled and 2-seeded closed carpels, or 

 more commonly into 4 one-seeded nutlets. Seed sometimes with rather copious albumen, 

 and, with the embryo, curved. — Low herbs or \mdershrubs; the flowers almost always 

 small. 

 11. Ovary 4-parted (rarely 2-parted) from above into one-celled one-ovuled 



divisions surrounding the base of the undivided (rarely 2-lobed) style : stigma 



not annular, terminal. 



Tribe IV. BORRAGE^. Style entire, in Echium 2-cleft at the apex: stigma trun- 

 cate or depressed-capitate, in a few species of Lithospermum tipped with a rudi- 

 mentary terminal appendage. Ovules amphitropous or almost orthotropous and 

 commonly ascending or erect, or when anatropous mostly pendulous. Nutlets 4 

 (or by abortion fewer), distinct, or sometimes at base united in pairs. Radicle 

 superior or centripetal. Albumen none. Chiefly herbs, with somewhat mucilagi- 

 nous watery juice and entire leaves. Flowers mostly near, but not in the axil of 

 leaves or bracts, or bractless in scorpioid so-called spikes or racemes. Estivation of 

 the corolla imbricated, except when otherwise indicated. (The depressed or elevated 

 disk, receptacle, or axis on which the nutlets are inserted, and from which they fall 

 away, is called the gynobase.) 



* Corolla and stamens regular : style entire, or sometimes barely 2-cleft at the very apex. 

 -1- Ovary only 2-parted : fruit involved in a bur-like transformed portion of the calyx. 



7. HARPAGONELLA. Calyx at first slightly but in fruit exceedingly unequal; three 

 of the lobes nearly distinct ; the remaining two more united, closely enwrapping the fruit, 

 and becoming cornute with 7 to 9 divergent long and uncinately glochidiate soft-spinous 

 processes, forming a bur. Ovule erect, anatropous. Nutlets one or sometimes both 

 maturing, obovoid-oblong, thin-coriaceous, very smooth, obliquely fixed by the narrowed 

 base to the small depressed gynobase. Seed filling and conformed to the nutlet, erect or 

 ascending. Radicle directed to the gynobase. Corolla, stamens, style, &c., as in 

 Pectocarya. 



^_ ^ Ovary 4-parted or 4-lobed : fruit of 4 nutlets, or by abortion fewer, subtended 

 or surrounded by the unchanged or merely accrescent calyx. 



++ Nutlets divergent or divaricate (either radiately or in pairs), outwardly or backwardly 

 extended much beyond the insertion (which is by a roundish or oblong areola or scar) : 

 seed accordingly horizontal or obliquely ascending, with radicle centripetal : _but the 

 anatropous ovule (and ovary -lobes) in flower erect or ascending. (Calyx deeply o-cleft or 

 parted, spreading or reflexed in fruit : corolla appendaged with strong fornicate processes 

 almost closing the throat: stamens short, included.) 



8. PECTOCARYA. Nutlets flat and thin (depressed-obcompressed), attached at the inner 

 end underneath to the small depressed gynobase. either winged, laciniate-bordercd, or 

 pectinately setose around the thin margin ; tlie bristles or prickles simply uncinate at tip. 

 Style short : stigma capitate. Annuals, with minute white flowers imperfectly opposite 

 the leaves. 



9. CYNOGLOSSUM. Nutlets equally divergent, horizonal or obliquely ascending on a 

 depressed or pyramidal gynobase, turgid, wingless, all over glochidiate-muricate, mostly 

 separating (by an ovate or roundish scar at the upper end of the inner face) and carrying 

 away an exterior portion of the indurated style from below upward, by which they are 

 for a time pendulous. Stigma small, on a comparatively long style. Perennials or bien- 

 nials, with flowers in usually bractless racemes. 



++ ++ Nutlets erect and parallel with the style, or sometimes incurved, 

 = Obliquely attached by more or less of the ventral face or angle, or by the base or pro- 

 longation of it, to 

 a. The more or less elevated (from low-conical or globular to subulate) gynobase which 

 supports the style (and when narrow has been termed the base of the style), not stipi- 

 tate, and the scar not excavated. 



