BORRAGINACE^. 179 



1 0. ECHINOSPERMUM. Nutlets armed (either along a distinct margin or more or less 

 over the whole back) with glochidiate prickles, forming burs. Calyx 5-parted, reflexed 

 or open in fruit. Corolla short-salverforra or somewhat funnelform, white or blue ; the 

 throat closed with prominent fornicate appendages. 



1 1. ERITRICHIUM. Nutlets unarmed or rarely with a row of (non-glochidiate) prickles 

 around the back, very rarely wing-bordered. Calyx 5-parted or deeply cleft, closed or 

 not spreading in fruit (rarely circumscissile-deciduous). Corolla witii or occasionally 

 without fornicate appendages at the throat, white or blue, in one species yellow ! 



1 3. AMSINOKIA. Nutlets crustaceous or coriaceous, unappendaged, triquetrous or ovate- 

 triangular, attached below the middle to an oblong-pyramidal gynobase. Corolla salver- 

 form or tubular-funnelform, with a slender tube and open throat; the limb sometimes 

 plicate at the sinuses, yellow. Style fihform : stigma capitate or 2-parted. Cotyledons 

 each 2-parted. 



b. Nutlets conspicuously stipitate, and the stipe more or less hollowed at the insertion upon 

 the broadly pyramidal or globular gynobase. 



13. ECHIDIOCARYA. Calyx 5-parted, lax in fruit. Corolla between 8hor^salverform 

 and rotate, slightly constricted at the more or less appendaged throat ; the tube not 

 exceeding the calyx, shorter than the roundish lobes. Filaments very short, inserted on 

 the middle of the tube : anthers oblong, included. Style short : stigma capitate. Nut- 

 lets ovate-trigonous, oblique, acutely cristulate-muricate or rugose, dorsally and ventrally 

 carinate, incurved-ascending on a stout stipe ; the stipes either united in pairs or distinct. 

 Leaves all alternate. Flowers white. 



c. Nutlets sessile or obscurely stipitate on a flat or merely convex receptacle. 



14. ANTIPHYTUM. Corolla (short), &c., of Erilrichium. Nutlets crustaceous, ovate, 

 rounded on the back and granulate or rugulose, carinate ventrally down to the flat 

 roundish scar close to the base, which is either slightly protuberant and rather large, or 

 smaller and somewhat stipitate : gynobase plane or barely umbonate by the base of the 

 style. Flowers racemose, white, mostly bracteate. Leaves commonly opposite! 



1 5. MERTENSIA. Corolla from tubular-funnelform or trumpet-shaped to almost cam- 

 panulate, with open throat, bearing obvious or obsolete transverse folds for crests. 

 Stamens with either flattened or nearly filiform filaments. Stjie filiform : stigma entire. 

 Nutlets from somewhat fleshy to coriaceo-membranaceous, attached hy a small or 

 short scar just above the base to a barely or sometimes strongly convex gynobase. Peren- 

 nials, often smooth and glabrous, with blue or rarely white flowers, mostly bractless. 



= = Nutlets sessile and directly (usually centrally) attached by the very base to a plane 

 gynobase ; 

 a. The flat scar not excavated or perforate and bordered with a ring, mostly small. 



16. MYOSOTIS. Corolla short-salverform or almost rotate; its throat contracted by 

 transverse crests ; the rounded lobes convolute in the bud ! Anthers ovate or oblong. 

 Nutlets small, ovoid, smooth and shining, thin-crustaceous ; the scar small. Racemes 

 mainly ebracteate. 



17. LITHOSPERMUM. Corolla salverform, funnelform, or sometimes approacliing 

 campanulate, either naked or with pubescent lines or intruded gibbosities or low trans- 

 verse crests at the throat. Filaments mostly very short : anthers short, included. Style 

 slender : stigma mostly truncate-capitate or 2-lobed. Nutlets ovoid, bony, either polished 

 and wliite or dull and rough. Flowers all subtended by leaves or bracts. 



18. ONOSMODIUM. Corolla tubular or oblong-funnelform, with open and wholly 

 unappendaged throat ; the lobes erect or hardly spreading, mostly triangular and acute ; 

 the sinuses more or less inflexed. Stamens not surpassing the corolla-lobes : filaments 

 flat or dilated : anthers oblong-linear or sagittate, erect (sometimes in Mexican species 

 becoming transverse). Style filiform or capillary, very long : stigma small and truncate, 

 exserted before the corolla opens. Nutlets ovoid or globular, bony, smooth and polished, 

 white. Flowers all subtended by leafy bracts. 



h. The scar large and excavated, bordered by a prominent margin. (Old World plants.) 



1 9. SYMPHYTUM. Corolla oblong-tubular, ventricose above the insertion of the sta- 

 " mens, or with campanulate-dilated limb, and with 5 short nearly erect lobes or teeth ; 



the throat closed by 5 prominent lanceolate or linear papillose-margined scale-like 

 appendages. Anthers lanceolate, more or less included. Style filiform : stigma small. 

 Nutlets obliquely ovoid, crustaceous or coriaceous, the cartilaginous prominent ring den- 

 ticulate at the edge. 

 * * Corolla irregular with limb oblique and lobes unequal. (Old World genera.) 

 20 LYCOPSIS Corolla somewhat salverform ; the tube curved at the middle ; the 

 ' more or less spreading lobes rather unequal ; the oblique throat closed with hispid for- 



