CEREBRAL LOCALIZATION 157 



with dysphagia, laryngeal palsy, cardiac attacks, 

 etc. ; pressure on the twelfth, with deviation of 

 the protruded tongue. Of these, the facial and 

 auditory nerves are most often affected, there being 

 complete unilateral deafness in most of the cases. 

 In cerebellar tumours these two nerves may be 

 interfered with, but not to any considerable degree. 

 4. Pressure on the pons, causing crossed hemiplegic 

 weakness, with exaggerated reflexes and extensor 

 response. The cases may live for years, but there 

 is a liability to sudden death by crowding of the 

 cerebellum down through the foramen magnum. 



LOCALIZATION OF SENSATION IN THE 

 CEREBRAL CORTEX. 



HEARING. Although it is certain that monkeys 

 which have suffered bilateral removal of the temporal 

 cortex give every evidence that they can hear, it is 

 very difficult to be certain that sounds are still 

 appreciated in consciousness by them, and recognized 

 for what they signify. It is no more evidence of 

 conscious hearing that a monkey looks round when 

 a bell sounds, than it is of conscious pain that a man 

 with a fractured spine withdraws a foot pricked by 

 a pin. 



At any rate, there is a fair amount of evidence, 

 both anatomical and clinical, to locate this function 

 in the temporal region, and none to locate it else- 

 where. The most convincing observation on record 

 was made by Gushing, who stimulated the exposed 

 temporal cortex in a conscious man, and the patient 

 said that he noticed a buzzing noise. 



