168 CEREBRAL LOCALIZATION 



second left temporal gyri, but no word-deafness 

 resulted. Eight months later he resected the cap 

 and foot of the left third frontal gyms (Broca's 

 convolution) , but no aphasia followed. In the second 

 case he resected, in several operations, the left 

 supramarginal, temporal, and third frontal gyri, but 

 he failed to induce any speech defect. The patients 

 were demented, with verbal delusions and logorrhoea. 



Marie maintains further that all patients with 

 aphasia are mentally deficient ; thus, the cook can 

 no longer compound an omelette, and the pianist 

 can no longer play the piano. He locates all the 

 speech functions diffusely in the left temporo- 

 parietal region, maintaining that this is merely a 

 region of intelligence specialized for language, and 

 not a storehouse of sensory images ; a mild lesion 

 destroys the function last acquired, viz., reading, 

 andja severer lesion produces loss of voluntary 

 speech and of recognition of spoken language as well. 

 What Marie calls " anarthria " a word previously 

 used in another sense meaning loss of the power to 

 utter speech, although the individual can say the 

 words over to himself, is due to a lesion in " the 

 quadrilateral," bounded in front and behind by the 

 anterior and posterior limiting sulci of the island of 

 Reil, internally by the wall of the lateral ventricle, 

 and externally by the surface of the island of Reil. 

 In most cases of so-called Broca's aphasia, both the 

 temporal cortex and the " quadrilateral " are 

 injured. 



Defenders of the classical view, Dejerine in par- 

 ticular, have replied by advancing fresh cases with 



