APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XI. 195 



and then forming an S- shaped corpuscle. But sometimes, 

 particularly in artificial cultivations in broth, they remain 

 joined end to end even after repeated division, and then form 

 either a wavy or spiral -like organism. But the type is repre- 

 sented by a single curved rod. For this reason it is not correct 

 to speak of them as comma-bacilli nor as spirilla, since they 

 correspond to what is generally considered a vibrio. 



FIG. D. 



Part of a test-tube containing gelatine-peptone ; in it pure cultivation of chole- 

 raic comma-bacilli. The funnel-shaped opening of the channel in which 

 the growth of the comma-bacilli is going on contains a long air bubble. 



The comma-bacilli are present, amongst crowds of other 

 putrefactive bacteria, in very varying numbers in the choleraic 

 evacuations, sometimes very scarce, sometimes numerous ; in the 

 mucus-flakes taken from the cavity of the lower part of the 

 ileum of typical rapidly fatal cases of cholera very soon after 

 death they are present in. small numbers, in the upper part of 

 the ileum and in the jejunum they are either very scarce or 



