INJURY CAUSED BY NON-PARASITIC ORGANISMS 61 



fornian disease is considered to be due to an allied organism, 

 P. californica (Viala and Sauv.). 



I have shown under the heading ' Orchid Spot,' that the 

 supposed organism considered by Viala and Sauvageau as a 

 member of the Myxomycetes, and named Plasmodiopkora^ is 

 merely a diseased condition of the cells of the host-plant, 

 and that brunnisure of the vine and ' orchid spot ' are 

 entirely due to physical causes. 



Massee, Ann. Bot., 9, p. 421. 



Viala, Malad. de la Vigne, Ed. 3. 



Viala and Sauvageau, Journ. de Bot.^ 1892. 



Strangling fungus (TheJephora lariniata, Pers.) is an 

 exceedingly common fungus on heather tracts and in woods 



FIG. 8. Thehphora laciniata^ a non-parasitic 

 fungus growing up the stem and suffocating a 

 young larch. Reduced. 



and although not a parasite, it often proves highly injurious 

 to young trees when first planted, by growing up the stem 

 for some distance and enveloping the lower part of the seed- 

 ling to such an extent that it is strangled or suffocated. The 



