344 DISEASES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS 



bach), distorts Polygonum chinense in Java and India, forming 

 clustered outgrowths up to one inch long, longitudinally 

 wrinkled and capitate, the violet spore-mass being formed in 

 the swollen head of the outgrowths. Much hypertrophy and 

 modification of the structure of the host occurs at the diseased 

 parts. Galls are also sometimes formed in the inflorescence. 

 Spores violet or lilac, smooth, globose or broadly elliptical, 

 5-6 /x diam. 



Berkeley, Hook. Journ. Bot., 3, p. 202 (1851). 

 Solms. Laubach, Ann. Gard. JB0f. } Buitenzorg, 6, p. 79 

 (1887). 



Ustilago esculenta (P. Henn.) causes considerable distortion 

 or swelling of the stem of Zizania latifolia^ and the diseased 

 portions are sold as a vegetable in the market at Hanoi, 

 Tonkin. In Japan it is sold in the apothecaries' shops under 

 the name of Zizania (root-charcoal). The dark spores are 

 used by those having thin eyelashes to make them look 

 darker, and mixed with oil they are used by women having 

 thin or grey hair. The spores are also much used in Japan 

 in the lacquer industry to produce rust-coloured ware when 

 mixed with lac. 



Spore-mass olive brown, forming spherical or elongated 

 tubercles. Spores subglobose, 7-9X6-8, brown, smooth. 



Hennings, Hedw.> No. 34, p. 10 (1895). 

 Miyabe, Bot. Mag. Tokio, 9 (1895). 



Ustilago microspora (Massee and Rodway) attacks the 

 inflorescence of Danthonia penicillata (F. Muell.). The entire 

 inflorescence is destroyed by the fungus, which is remarkable 

 for the minute, pale olive, glabrous spores, 3-4 X 2*2-5 /* 



Only known from Tasmania. 



Massee, Kew Bulletin, 1901, p. 160. 



Ustilago violacea (Fuckel) is produced in the anthers of 

 Silene inflata, and many other kinds of caryophyllaceous 

 plants. 



Spores lilac, subglobose, wall with an irregular network of 

 raised lines. 



Several other wild plants have the anthers infected with 

 species of Ustilago. 



