LIST OF DEUGS. 9 



ANODYNES. 



Anodyne medicines are given either to soothe the general nervous system, or to 

 stop diarrhoea ; or something to relieve spasm, as in colic or tetanus. Opium is the 

 chief anodyne used in canine veterinary medicine, and it may be employed in very 

 large doses. 



ANODYNE PEESCEIPTIONS. 



1. FOR SLIGHT PURGING. Prepared chalk, 2 drachms ; aromatic confection, 

 1 drachm; tincture of opium, 5 to 8 drachms ;" rice water, 7 ounces. Mix; dose, 

 two tablespoonfuls after every loose motion. 



2. FOR LONG-CONTINUED PURGING. Diluted sulphuric acid, 3 drachms ; 

 tincture of opium, 2 drachms ; compound tincture of bark, 1 ounce ; water, 6f 

 ounces. Mix ; two tablespoonfuls every four hours. 



3. Castor-oil, 2 ounces ; tincture of opium, 1 ounce. Mix by shaking ; a table- 

 spoonful night and morning while the bowels are loose. 



4. Powdered opium, f to 2 grains ; prepared chalk, 5 to 10 grains ; catechu, 5 

 grains ; powdered ginger, and powdered caraways, of each 1 to 3 grains. Mix, and 

 form it into a pill with syrup, and give every three hours. 



ANTISPASMODICS. 



Antispasmodics, as their name implies, are medicines which are intended to 

 counteract excessive muscular action, called spasm, or, in the limbs, cramp. 



1. ANTISPASMODIC MIXTURE. Laudanum and sulphuric aether, of each ^ to 

 1 drachm; camphor mixture, 1 ounce. Mix, and give every two hours till the 

 spasm ceases. 



2. ANTISPASMODIC INJECTION. Laudanum, sulphuric aether, and spirit of 

 turpentine, of each 1 to 2 drachms ; gruel, 3 to 6 ounces. Mix. 



APEEIENTS. 



APERIENTS, or purges are those medicines which quicken or increase the 

 evacuations from the bowels, varying, however, a good deal in their mode of 

 operation. Some act merely by exciting the muscular coat of the bowels to 

 contract ; others cause an immense watery discharge, which, as it were, washes out 

 the bowels ; whilst a third set combine the action of the two. The various purges 

 also act upon different parts of the canal, some stimulating the small intestines, 

 whilst others pass through them without affecting them, and only act upon the large 

 bowels ; and others, again, act upon the whole canal. There is a third point of 

 difference in purges, depending upon their influencing the liver in addition, which 

 mercurial purgatives certainly do, as well as rhubarb and some others, and which 

 effect is partly due to their absorption into the circulation, so that they may be 

 made to act by injecting into the veins, as strongly as by actual swallowing and 

 their subsequent passage into the bowels. Purgatives are likewise classed, according 



