PLEURISY. 31 



bark, and by a rough sound in breathing, sometimes very audible at a short 

 distance ; and accompanied by a certain degree of increased quickness in respiration, 

 vary ing according to the intensity of the attack. 



The TREATMENT will vary according to the acuteness and severity of the 

 disease ; and if this is urgent, bleeding and emetics will be necessary, followed by 

 small doses of calomel, digitalis, and nitre, as prescribed at page 13. If, on the 

 other hand, the more common form of chronic laryngitis is developed, remedies of 

 a different nature must be adopted. A seton should be inserted in the throat, 

 and a good discharge from it promoted by the application of blistering ointment to 

 the tape. Iodide of potassium may generally be given in one, two, or three grain 

 doses, with five or six drops of ipecacuanha wine, and five grains of nitre three 

 times a day, mixed in a little water. When this has been given for a short time 

 without benefit, any of the warm expectorants given at page 12 may be tried ; and 

 sometimes one, and sometimes another, will be of service. The dog, during the 

 continuance of this disease, must be kept rather low than otherwise, but not rigidly 

 starved, as is necessary in some inflammations of the respiratory organs, and should 

 have a fair allowance of walking exercise. 



PNEUMONIA, or inflammation of the substance of the lungs, must be dis- 

 tinguished from pleurisy (inflammation of the pleura) and bronchitis, which, when 

 simple, is confined to the lining membrane ; but very commonly there is a combina- 

 tion of two out of three in the same attack. 



All are characterised by fever, with quickened respiration and pulse ; generally 

 there is cough, but not always ; and in all cases there is great anxiety depicted in 

 the countenance. The following series of symptoms mark the difference between 

 the three forms of inflammation, whether acute or chronic : 



SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE PLEURISY 



COMMENCE with shivering, with slight spasms and sweats. Inspiration short, 

 unequal, and interrupted, as from pain ; expiration full ; air expired not hotter 

 than usual. Slight cough only, and without expectoration. Pulse quick, small, 

 and wiry. 



The STETHOSCOPE gives the usual respiratory murmur, accompanied with a 

 rubbing sound in the parts attached. 



PERCUSSION elicits at first little or no deviation from the natural sound ; after 

 effusion has taken place there is a dull sound. 



DISEASE TERMINATES in a gradual disappearance of the symptoms, or in the 

 effusion of fluid (pus or lymph). 



SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC PLEURISY. 



INSPIRATION always deep ; expiration short. Cough dry, sometimes with 

 expectoration ; frequently changing from dry to moist cough. 



STETHOSCOPE indicates an absence of respiratory murmur in the lower parts of 



