INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER. 37 



the anodyne mixture, No. 1, may be tried, and failing that, No. 2, adding more 

 laudanum to each dose, if necessary, up to any extent, for this medicine is well 

 borne by the dog in full doses. Rice-water is to be the only drink allowed ; and 

 arrowroot or rice the only food, flavoured with milk or weak mutton-broth. If the 

 dysentery is very bad, an injection of laudanum and starch may be tried ; but it is 

 seldom retained, even for a minute or two, and unless mechanical pressure is kept 

 upon the anus by means of a towel, it is quite useless. 



4. COSTIVENESS is generally the result of chronic inflammation of the bowels, 

 or of the liver, by which their functions are impaired ; and when the former is 

 torpid, the healthy stimulus of the bile is not afforded. Dogs which are regularly 

 exercised are not very liable to costiveness, but those which are confined to the 

 house or to their kennels, are often terribly tormented by it, and suffer severely 

 from the consequences, including that painful affection, piles, to which the dog is 

 much subject. Very often the dog suffers very severe pain from the obstruction 

 afforded by pent-up faeces, and is utterly unable to pass them until Nature has set 

 up an inflammation of the rectum, by which mucus is poured out, and the mass 

 comes away with much straining. The dog thus affected is almost mad with pain ; 

 he runs to and fro, rushes into odd corners, and shakes his head in the most odd 

 manner, and in this stage may very easily be mistaken for a " mad dog ; " but the 

 suddenness of the attack, and the mass of hardened faeces easily felt in the flank 

 mark the difference between the two cases. 



The TREATMENT of costiveness should be by diet if possible, and the 

 substitution of oatmeal, with or without the addition of boiled green vegetables, 

 will generally effect this. If not sufficient, give a pill of rhubarb and ipecacuanha 

 5 to 30 grains of the former, with f grain of the latter at the time of feeding, 

 every day. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEY AND BLADDER. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEY is not very common in the dog, but it some- 

 times occurs from the use of turpentine as a vermifuge. Very rarely there is met 

 with in the kidney a formation of stone, called Renal Calculus, but no means can 

 be used to remove it, nor are there any symptoms which indicate its presence during 

 life. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER AND URETHRA is very usual in the dog, and 

 is marked by a discharge of yellow mucus from the end of the penis. This is the 

 result of high feeding generally, though sometimes it comes on from mechanical 

 irritation. 



The TREATMENT is to be conducted by giving saline aperients : sulphate of 

 magnesia, \ to 1 ounce ; nitre, 10 to 15 grains ; water enough to dissolve. Mix, and 

 give twice a week. 



Balsam of copaiba may be given in obstinate cases, in does varying from 4 to 

 15 drops, in a little mucilage ; but it seldom is retained on the stomach, and the 

 best chance is to give one or two of the capsules now commonly sold, which may be 



