WOEMS. 41 



the health, interfering with the digestion in every way, since they take up 

 the chyle for their own use, and also irritate the mucous membrane by their 

 presence. 



3. The TAPE-WORM (Tcenia solium and Tcenia lota). This worm is found in 

 two or three species, but for our purpose it is sufficient to describe its general 

 appearance, which is that of a long flat worm, divided into joints, and often coming 

 away in portions, but leaving the head behind. It is, when suffered to remain long 

 enough, from six to eight feet long, and the dog may often be seen running about 

 with a foot or two hanging from his anus, or curled round his tail, to his great 

 annoyance and 'disgust. The tape-worm inhabits the small intestines, and is much 

 worse even than the round worm in its effects upon the health of the animal. Its 

 expulsion should therefore be effected with great care, and its head, which is larger 

 considerably than the diameter of the rest of the body, should be diligently sought 

 for, for until this is found it cannot be asserted with positive certainty that the 

 vermifuge has been successful. 



The GENERAL PRINCIPLES of treatment consist in starving the dog for from 

 twelve to twenty-four hours, and then administering the appropriate vermifuge 

 followed by a mild dose of aperient medicine, to carry off the worms from the 

 intestines. The following is a complete list of vermifuges suited to the various 

 conditions and kinds of worms ; but it will be necessary to repeat here what are the 

 best for each kind, and their respective advantages and disadvantages, for, 

 unfortunately, all are more or less injurious to the dog, and their use is only to be 

 encouraged as a less evil than the continued existenee of worms. 



The REMEDIES FOR ROUND-WORM are as follows : 



Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). 



Garlic (Allium sativum). 



Cowhage (Macuna pruriens). 



Santoniiie, or the active principle of worm-seed (Artemisia contra). 



Indian Pink (Spigelia Marylandica). 



Areca nut (Nux areca). 



Stinking hellebore (Helleborus foetidus'). 



Powdered tin and glass. 



Calomel (Hydrargyri chloridum). 



For TAPE-WORM or MAW-WORM the following may be used with advantage : 



Areca nut (Nux areca). 



Kousso (Bray era anthelmintica). 



Barbadoes tar (Petroleum Sarbadense). 



Pomegranate bark (Punica granatum). 



Male fern (Felix mas). 



Spirit of turpentine (Spiritus terebinthince). 



Of these wormwood, garlic, and cowhage are nearly inert : santonine is 



G 



