182 THE DOGS OF THE BEITISH ISLANDS. 



3. The neck (value 10) is often short, making the dog look chumpy and 

 inelegant. This defect should always be attended to, and a dog with a sufficiently 

 lengthy neck should have the full allowance ; but, on the other hand, a short 

 chumpy one is so often met with that, even if present, the possessor of it should not 

 be penalised with negative points. The throat is clean, without any development of 

 frill, though thickly clothed with hair. 



4. The chest (value 5) is capacious, and rather round than flat; back riba 

 generally short. 



5. The back (value 10) is often slack and weak, but in some specimens, and 

 notably in Leo, there is a fine development of muscle ; accompanying this weak back 

 there is often a rolling and weak walk. 



6. The legs (value 10) should be very bony and straight, well clothed with 

 muscle on the arms and lower thighs. Elbows well let down, and neither in nor out, 

 Both the fore and hind legs are thickly feathered, but not to any great length. 

 There is also often a double dew claw. 



7. The feet (value 5) are large and wide, with thin soles. The toes are generally 

 flat, and consequently this dog soon becomes foot-sore in road work, and cannot 

 accompany a horse or carriage at a fast pace. 



8. In size (value 10) the Newfoundland should be at least 25 inches in height, 

 and if he is beyond this it is a merit rather than a defect, as explained in the above 

 remarks. Many very fine and purely-bred specimens reared in this country have 

 been from 30 to 32 inches high. 



9. The symmetry (value 10) of this dog is often defective, owing to the tendency 

 to a short neck and weak loin. As a consequence, a symmetrical dog like Leo is 

 highly to be approved of. 



10. The colour (value 5) should be black, the richer the better; but a rusty 

 stain in it is so common in the native breed that it should by no means be penalised. 

 Still, the jet black is so handsome in comparison with it, that I think, other points 

 being equal, it should count above the rusty stain in judging two dogs. A white 

 star on the breast is often met with. The white and black colour exhibited in the 

 Landseer type never occurs in the true Newfoundland. 



11. The coat (value 5) of the Newfoundland is shaggy, without much under- 

 coat, and at first sight it would appear unfit for much exposure to wet. It is, 

 however, so thick and oily that it takes some time for the water to reach the skin 

 through it. There is often a natural parting down the back, and the surface is 

 very glossy. 



12. The tail (value 5) is long and gently curled on one side, but not carried 

 high. It is clothed thickly with long hair, which is quite bushy, but often naturally 

 parted down the middle. 



Mr. Mapplebeck's Leo, whose portrait accompanies this article, is the finest 

 Newfoundland I have ever seen, exhibiting all his best points in proportion, without 

 the short neck and weak back which are so often met with. He is by Windle's Don 

 out of Meg of Maldon, and is a great grandson of Mr. Robinson's Carlo, a first-prize 

 winner at Birmingham and Islington in 1864 and 1865. 



