136 



PASTOKAL DOGS, ETC. 



for his share. They are harnessed to a single yoke line by a breast- 

 strap, and, being without any guide-reins, they are entirely at lib- 

 erty to do what they like, being only restrained by the voice of 

 their master, and urged forward by his whip. A single dog of 

 tried intelligence and fidelity is placed as leader, and upon him the 

 driver depends for his orders being obeyed. In the summer they 

 are most of them turned oiF to get their own subsistence by hunt- 

 ing, some few being retained to carry weights on their backs. 

 Sledges are then rendered useless by the absence of snow ; and, as 



Fig. 36. HEAD OP ESQUIMAUX DOG. 



ihere is a good subsistence for them from the offal of the seal and 

 the walrus which are taken by the men, the dogs become fat at 

 this season of the year. The Siberian and Greenland dogs are 

 nearly similar to those of Kamtschatka, but somewhat larger, and 

 also more manageable, all being used in the same way. The Es- 

 quimaux dog is about 22 or 23 inches high, and varies greatly in 

 appearance, having been crossed considerably with the Newfound- 

 land and Labrador species. The illustration, fig. 26, represents a 



