10 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS. 



abode. The rules are what I term "golden rules;" /.<?., rules 

 not to be forgotten ; but the one rule of the assiduous collector is 

 to search in every crink and cranny, and never to pass over a 

 spot without a full examination of its whole surface. The imple- 

 ments needed for this collecting are few in number and inexpen- 

 sive. Two of them are given you by nature nimble fingers and 

 qiijck'tye^ 6fceJ forms, a companion in your walks, the walking- 

 stick^ 'the oihkr>>, .wlijjch will have to be purchased, are a dredge, 

 japcpop, pi; ?.<water-^et, and a few chip boxes. The walking stick 

 ^lllJbefiisefuT for >tilKng 'water-weeds to the bankside, so that 

 they may be easily examined with the fingers for specimens. The 

 dredge will be needed" for the collection of Uhios, Anodons> 

 Sphceria, and Pisidia, which, being bivalves, live almost entirely 

 on the bed of the pond or stream. This can be made after the 

 following figure of a net-dredge recommended in Messrs. Gray 



Fig. 2. A Water-dredge (Woodward). 



and Woodward's companion volume, " Seaweeds, Shells, and 

 Fossils ; " but my preference is to having a properly weighted 

 square frame rather than a circular one, as it takes a larger area 

 of the water-bed at the same time, and, consequently, is more apt 

 to work up a larger number of specimens. The scoop is not in 

 general use, I think, but, nevertheless, it is an exceedingly good 

 implement to use for sweeping among water-weeds which cannot 

 be brought to the bankside with the stick, and perhaps is more 

 welcome and more serviceable than the ordinary water-net, for 

 which it forms a substitute. Mr. Wallis Kew and I have taken 

 a large number of specimens with it from the Tottenham Marshes, 

 by the way, a happy hunting ground for the London collector. 

 Mr. Denison Roebuck has his made of copper, but zinc will be 

 found cheaper and nearly as serviceable a material. A circular 

 ring of zinc is made, of a! out an inch and a quarter in depth, 

 iind of about eight inches in diameter. A perforated zinc bottom 



