80 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS. 



|th inch ; umbilicus moderately deep. Among moss and 

 wet grass. Generally distributed, but not common. 



H. radiatula.^ 



(h) Shell subglobular, chocolate-brown, no white on under side, 

 solid, glossy, semi-transparent ; whorls five, body-whorl occupying 

 one-half of the shell ; spire produced, with the apex blunt ; mouth 

 roundish, forming three-fourths of a circle; umbilicus narrow, 

 deep. Diameter 5 inch. Marshes and banks of ditches. 



H. nitida.^ 



(i) Shell suborbicular, not very glossy, darkish horn-coloured, 

 coarsely striated; whorls five and a-half; spire slightly produced; 

 mouth nearly circular ; umbilicus large, disclosing all the internal 

 spire. Among moss and dead leaves in woods. Local. 



H. excavata. 



(/) Shell flat above* convex below, vitreous, smooth, glossy, 

 transparent ; whorls four and a-half to five, the body-whorl being 

 scarcely smaller than the preceding whorl; mouth lunate; 

 umbilicus very small. Diameter -^-ths inch. Among moss and 

 decaying leaves in woods and hedgerows. Common. 



If. crystallina.^ 



(K) Shell conical, dark horn- coloured, smooth, glossy, semi- 

 transparent ; whorls five and a-half to six; periphery bluntly 

 keeled ; spire produced ; mouth semilunar, narrow ; umbilicus 

 shallow, indistinct. Diameter J^th inch. Under stones and 

 among decaying leaves in woods and hedgerows. Moderately 

 common. H. fulvaf 



18. Helix. Shell globular, turreted, convex or flattened ; 

 mouth more or less circular or oval ; outer lip generally thick and 

 possessing an internal rib, sometimes reflected and provided with 

 tubercles or teeth ; umbilicus sometimes absent but usually distinct. 



(a) Shell conoid, globose, thin, horn-colour ; epidermis raised 

 into numerous close-set plaits in line of growth ; whorls six, 

 convex ; spire blunt, slightly depressed ; mouth crescent-shaped ; 



56 v. viridesumi-alba., greenish-white. 

 " v. albinos, whitish. 



58 v. complanata, flatter on both sides, last whorl proportionably larger. 



58 v. Alderiy smaller, darker brown ; v. Morloni, depressed above, less 

 flattened below, peripheral keel sharper. 



