vi CONTENTS 



PAGE 



CHAPTER XIX.— Carnivores, — concluded. 



Eared Seals, Walruses, and Seals (Otariidce, Trichechidce, and Phocidce). — Distinctive 

 Characters of the Group— The Eared Seals (Otariidai) — Habits — Hair-Seals and Fur- 

 Seals — Southern Sea-Lion — Distribution and Habits — Northern Sea-Lion — Distribution 

 — Californian Sea-Lion — Hooker's Sea-Lion — Australian Hair-Seal — The Northern 

 Sea-Bear — Seal-Rookeries — Southern Fur-Seals — South American Fur-Seal — Cape 

 Fur-Seal — New Zealand Fur-Seal — The Walrus (Trichechus) — The True, or Earless 

 Seals {Phocidce) — Their Distinctive Features, Distribution, and Habits— The Grey Seal 

 (Halichcerus) — Common and Greenland Seals (Phoca) — Allied Species — The Monk-Seal 

 (Afonaefcn*)— West Indian Seal — The Leopard-Seal (Ogmorhinus) — Crab-Eating Seal 

 (Lofcodon)— Weddell's Seal (Leptonychotes) — Ross's Seal {Ommatophoca) — Crested Seal 

 (Cystophora) — Elephant-Seal (Macrorhinus) — Seal-Hunting-^The Primitive Carnivores, 102 



CHAPTER XX— The Ungulates, or Hoofed Mammals,— Order Ungulata. 



The Hollow-Horned Ruminants (Bovidw). — Characters of Ungulates — Their Feet — Odd- 

 Toed and Even-Toed Groups — Structure of Teeth — Characteristics— Size — Horns — 

 Distribution — Hollow-Horned Ruminants — ■ Even-Toed Ungulates — Oxen (Bos) — 

 Characters, Distribution, Habits, and Specialisation — Aurochs and Domestic Oxen — 

 Domestication — Park Cattle — Chillingham Cattle — Cadzow Cattle — Chartley Cattle — 

 Other Herds — Shetland Cattle — Highland Breed — Welsh Breed — Kerry Breed — Polled 

 Angus — Galloways — Polled Suffolk — Alderneys and Jerseys — Ayrshire — Devons — 

 Herefords — Longhorns — Shorthorns — Continental Breeds — Indian Cattle — American 

 and Australian Cattle — Humped Cattle — Galla Cattle — Extinct Species — The Gaur 

 — The Gayal — The Banting — The Yak — European Bison — The American Bison — ■ 

 Extinct Bison — The Cape Buffalo — Short-Horned Buffalo — Extinct Forms — The Indian 

 Buffalo— Fossil Indian Species — The Tamarao — The Anoa — The Musk-Ox (Ovibos) — 

 Its Distribution and Habits — Sheep (fivis) — -Their Characters and Distribution — 

 American and Kamschatkan Wild Sheep — The Mongolian and Tibetan Argalis — The 

 Pamir Wild Sheep — The Urial or Sha — Armenian and Cyprian Sheep — The Mouflon 

 — Domestic Sheep — Flat-Tailed Sheep — Shetland Breed — Scotch Breeds — Welsh Sheep 

 — Irish Breeds — Heath Breed — Cheviots— Norfolk Breed — Moor Breeds — Southdowns 

 — Dorsets — Merino and Long-Woolled Breeds — The Bharal — Barbary Sheep — The 

 Goats (Capra) — Their Characteristics and Distribution — Caucasian Wild Goats, or Tur 

 — Pallas's Tur— Caucasian Tur — Severtzow's Tur — Spanish Wild Goat — Persian Wild 

 Goat — Domestic Goats — Angora Breed — Kashmir Goat— Syrian Goat — -Egyptian Goat 

 — Sudan Goat — Feral Goats — Ibex — Alpine Ibex — Himalayan Ibex — Arabian Ibex 

 —Abyssinian Ibex— The Markhor— The Tahr and Nilgiri Wild Goat (Hemitmgus) 

 — The Gorals (Cemas) — The Serows (Nemorhcedus) — The Takin (Budorcas)— Rocky 

 Mountain Goat (Haploceros)— The Chamois (Rupicapra) — Eland (Orias)— Character 

 and Distribution of Antelopes— Size, Distribution, and Habits of Eland— Derbian 

 Eland — Kudu (Strepsiceros) — Common and Lesser Kudu — Harnessed Antelopes (Trag- 

 elaphus)— Bongo— Nyala— West African Harnessed Antelope — Nakong— Guib— The 

 Nilgai (Bosefcrp/ius)— The Addax(^(Maa;)— Oryx(Or?/x)— Gemsbok— Beisa— East African 

 Oryx— Beatrix Antelope— Sabre-Horned Antelope— Extinct Forms — Sable Antelope 

 and Roan Antelope (Hippotrcujus)— Blsnibok— Baker's Antelope— Extinct Species, . 151 



CHAPTER XXL— Ungulates,— continued. 



The Hollow-Horned Ruminants,— continued.— The Gazelles (Gazella)— Springbok— Dorcas 

 Gazelle— Indian Gazelle— Persian Gazelle— Grant's Gazelle— Thomson's Gazelle— Other 

 Species— Clarke's Antelope (Ammodorcas) — Gerenuk (Lithocranius) — Chiru, or Tibetan 

 Antelope (Pantholops)— The Saiga (Saiga)— Palas (JEpyceroiy— Lesser Pala— Angola 



