174 



UNGULATES. 



the Hindus, and are allowed to perambulate the bazaars of the Indian towns at 

 will. In certain parts of India humped cattle have run wild ; those found on the 

 sea-coast near Nellore, in the Carnatic, have been in this state for a long period, and 

 Jerdon describes them as being extremely shy and wild, their size being large and 

 their horns long. 



■-->- 



Indian humped bull (^ nat. size). 



Galli Cattle. 



Humped cattle are also found in China, Africa, and Madagascar ; 



and Blyth was of opinion that the group might have had an African 

 origin. In Central Africa the humped cattle are represented by the Galla ox 

 or sunga, characterised by the enormous size and thickness of the horns, as shown 

 in the figure of the back of the skull on p. 173. In this breed the forehead of 

 the skull lacks the convexity characteristic of the Indian humped cattle ; and 

 as the curvature of the horns is somewhat similar, Professor Kutimeyer believes 

 that the Galla ox is most nearly related to the Asiatic banting mentioned 

 later on. 



In concluding our notice of the typical oxen it may be mentioned 



that several species occur fossil in India. Among these is the 

 magnificent Narbada ox (B. namadicus), of the gravels of the valley of the 

 Narbada, which was fully equal in size to the aurochs, and in the typical form 

 had horns with a cylindrical section. It is, however, noteworthy that in one race 

 of this species the horns were somewhat flattened, and thus approximate to those 

 of the living wild cattle of India. In the somewhat older deposits of the Siwalik 



Extinct Species. 



