»5° 



/ VGU1 \TES, 



Km 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \vi' in lined l,ii I <> 1 1' \ . Ih.'il Hie Himalayan ibex is in tin- luiliit. of 



descending to lower i'\ • I : Uimii is admitted iiy General Kinlochj and \\' p bavi 

 Ihm'ii tolil that in the valleys of Wanlwan ami Tibet numbers lire killed nt this 



urn i iii Mic hiiow c|inir « - 1 • » i" Mm villages, (iii ( reunion, (hiring thl 



hiiiiiiiii'i, wi' oii'.i'iM'd it Hinnll Hock of ii»\ driven down iVom thi beighl by i 



'ilihli ii ,',no\\ :.loi in In Mil' level of Mil' high I'lllld hl'tWOUTl K.rlmiii mid Lildllk, ill 



Mir valley of Mic IiiiIiih, In I s.M. ( 'oloni'l Markham wrote Mint in KiiHlimir ibex 



might be seen in IIocUn of ii hundred 01 PI, but nothing like these numhci 



found mI Mie j.i . < ni day; and, in m| >it.<* of the statement of (ieiicrnl Mncintyri H 



appean to Ul thai la bhi ti idiate neighbourhood of Kashmir tin magnificent 



animal in I ming rapidly ■ 



Thl Im' I 'I' oend IV the higher crags to join tlie does about October, thl 



pi i.imhi Inking place during the wintei mid tlie young are boi M.i\ 



and Juni, or about a month earl ii Minn is 1 1 >• «-.-i.- ■.. - wiih iin- Alpine HpeeieM. To 



the natives ol Kashmir the ilies in know an the kel, while in llaltistnn and Ladak 



iii di mi 'I kin, or inkin. 



Tlie iini'i representative, of the group li the Arabian or Sinaitk 



ilie\ (0. simillirii), locally known nn III.' I »'< Mil. 'I'liin goal ll hmiid 



in I lir Sinn 1 1 H' I '■■ni ikiiiI.'i. in portioimof Palestine, and in Uppor Egypt; it isc i 



in Ai.iIh.i I'i'iin'.i, but more rare in Palestine proper, and never appears to havi 

 ■xtinded northwards of the Lebanon, where n few still remain, In Egypt it* 

 Miiiilnrn limit is apprnxiniately inarlcod by the tropic of Capricorn, This species 

 is diatinguilhld hom the llimalayau ibex Iiy the horns being more compressed 



a i id 1 1 : i \ in;; tin- knobs on lire fi.>n I mm Inn- nn: . .1 ,il I. . i . ■ ■ ■ 1 1 1 : 1 1 inlervnln The 



general OOlOUr of the fur in yellowish lirown, wilh dark markings on the hack, 



.ii, i. nn.l front of Mir legs; thl undei parts and the hinder-surface of the limbi 

 being whitish, In well grown adult males the horns may attain a length 

 of :ili inchrn along 111. . in v r. am I Sir 10. (I. Lodcr has n pail almosl 81) inch, in 

 I. n "lh. The habits of the animal appear to be similar to those ol the others, 

 AbywiniRti Lastly, Ihcn' is the little-known Abyssinian ibex (<■ ivalie), 

 ">«• from My i nin. disfinguinhi'il from the others by the curvatun 

 of its horns, and the presence of n protuheraOM m M li.l.lle of thl forehead 



■rattan u.."> 



Tin; Mahkiioii (('. fiilroiicri) 



The Himalayan markhor (literally snake-eater), or spiral horned goat, bring! 

 us i.i lh.' li I representative of flu. genus Cajmi, and one distinguished from all 



M them by its upwardly-directed and spirally twisted horns, and also by thl 



extension of the heard on to the chest and shoulders, In the latter respect this 

 species reminds us of the ami among the sheep, nil hough the mark ho with 



other goals in (he shortness of its tail, The markhor is further i vinnrknl.l. foj 



the enonnous nniounl of variation in the form and size of the horns ; > vn 



having them twisted in the form of n corkscrew, with not more than one and n half 

 complete turns, while in anothir Miey KM twisted on their own axis in the form of 

 a screw . which may have M ninny an Ihree complelr InriiN. These varieties wen' 

 formerly regarded ns constituting distinct Bpecies, but since they are more of 



