RHINOCEROSES. 469 



There are two modes, according to General Kinloch, of hunting 

 the Indian rhinoceros — " one by quietly tracking up the animal on a 

 single elephant until he is at last found in his lair, or perhaps standing quite 

 unconscious of danger; the other, by beating him out of jungle with a line of 

 elephants, the guns being stationed at the points where he is most likely to break 

 cover. In the latter case it is necessary to have reliable men with the beaters, 

 who can exercise authority and keep them in order, for both mahouts and 

 elephants have the greatest dread of the huge brute, who appears to be much more 

 formidable than he really is." 



The same writer gives his experience of rhinoceros-hunting as follows. On a 

 certain occasion the General and his party "had tracked a wounded buffalo into a 

 large and very thick cover, into which it was useless to follow him with any chance 

 of getting a shot. The three guns, therefore, went on ahead, and took up their 

 positions at the other end of the cover, while the pad-elephants were ordered to 

 form line and beat steadily through the jungle. After waiting a long time at my 

 post I heard some large animal crashing through the reeds, and as the line of 

 beaters advanced the waving of the grass betrayed its movements. It came on 

 very slowly, occasionally stopping for some time to listen, and again making a 

 cautious advance. I remained still as death, but I was in a great state of anxiety 

 lest my elephant should become uneasy and give the alarm. Fortunately, he 

 remained silent, and at length the rhinoceros, anticipating no danger ahead, and 

 pressed by the steadily advancing line of elephants behind him, poked his ugly 

 head out of the reeds within twenty yards of me. I could only see his snout and 

 his horn, and aimed above the latter for his forehead. I either took a bad aim, or 

 my elephant moved slightly as I fired, for, as I afterwards found, my bullet merely 

 grazed the snout, cutting a deep furrow along the base of the horn. As the 

 rhinoceros wheeled round, I gave him another bullet in the centre of his ribs, and 

 he rushed back into the reeds and through the beaters with an angry grunt." On 

 search being made in the jungle, it was found that the second bullet had done its 

 work, the huge animal lying dead with its legs folded beneath the body in the 

 usual recumbent posture. 



javan The Javan, or lesser one-horned rhinoceros (R. sondaicus), is an 



Rhinoceros, altogether smaller animal than the preceding, with the head relatively 

 less large in proportion to the body, although its height at the shoulder is scarcely, 

 if at all, inferior. The skin, which is nearly or quite naked, lacks the large 

 tubercles of the Indian rhinoceros ; while the fold in front of the shoulder, instead 

 of inclining backwards, is continued right across the body like the other two main 

 folds. Superficially, the skin is divided by a network of cracks into a number of 

 small mosaic-like discs. The great folds of skin which are so conspicuous in the 

 neck of the Indian rhinoceros are in this species much less strongly developed. 

 The general colour is a uniform dusky grey. The skull is less elevated than in 

 the larger species in the occipital region ; but there are the same number of front 

 teeth. In structure the upper molar teeth are, however, simpler, resembling the 

 1 lower of the two figured on p. 464 ; and their crowns are not so tall. Measure- 

 ments of wild individuals appear to be very few ; but in a large female the height 

 at the shoulder was 51 feet. The female is generally or invariably hornless. 



