CONTENTS ix 



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(Lophotidas) — Ribbon-Fish (Trachyptcridce)— Thornbacks (Notacanthidce) — Pomacentridce 

 — Wrasses (Labridai) — -True Wrasses (Labrus) — Parrot- Wrasses (Scarus) — Viviparous 

 Wrasses (Diatrematidce) — Chromids (Chromididaz) — Tuft-Gilled Fishes (Suborder Lopho- 

 branchii) — Mailed Tube-Mouths (Solenostomatidce) — Pipe-Fishes and Sea-Horses (Syn- 

 gnathidce) — Comb-Gilled Group (Suborder Plectognathi) — File-Fishes and Coffer- 

 Fishes (Balistidce) — Globe-Fishes and Sun-Fishes (Diodontidce) — Soft-Finned Fishes 

 (Suborder Anacanthini) — Lycodidce — The Cod Tribe (Gadidce) — True Cod (Gadus) — 

 Haddock — Other Species-— Hakes (Merluccius) — Burbot (Lota) — Ling and Rockling 

 (Molva) — Sand-Eels and their Allies (Ophidiidce) — Cave-Fish (Lucifuga) — Snake- 

 Fishes (Ophidium) — Parasitic Fish (Fierasfer) — Sand-Eels (Ammodytes) — Conyrodus — 

 The Long- Tails (Macruridce) — Fiat-Fishes (Pleuronectida?) — Psettodes — Holibut (Hippo- 

 glossus) — Turbot, etc. (Rhombus) — Plaice and Flounder (Pleuronectes) — Soles (Solea) — 

 Blind Soles (Soleotalpa) — The Tube-Bladdered Fishes (Suborder Physostomi) — Eel 

 Tribe (MurcenicUe) — Muraenas (Mxircena) — True Eels (Anguilla) — Congers (Conger) — 

 Serpent-Eels (Ophichthys) — Deep-Sea Eels (Synaphobranchus) — Single-Slit Eels (Sym- 

 branchida?) — Electric Eel (Gymnotidce) — Cat-Fishes (Siluridce) — Eel-Like Cat-Fish 

 (Clarias)— Wels (Silurus)— Yarrell's Cat-Fish (Bagarius) — Electric Cat-Fishes (Mala- 

 pterurus) — Mailed Cat-Fishes (Callichthys, etc.) — Carp Tribe (Cyprinidce) — True Carp 

 (Gyprinus) — Crucian and Golden Carp (Carassius) — Barbels (Barbus) — Gudgeon (Gobio) 

 — White-Fish (Leuciscus) — Tench (Tinea) — Beaked Carp (Chondrostoma) — Bitterling 

 (Rhodeus) — Bream (Abramis) — Rapfen (Aspius) — Bleak (Alburnus) — Sichel (Pelecus) 

 Loaches (Gobitis, etc.) — African Loaches (Kneriida) — Characinoid Fishes (Enjthrinido?) 

 Cyprinodonts (Gyprinodontidoz) — Double-Eyes (Anableps) — Blind-Fish (Amblyopsidm) 

 Umbres (Umbridce) — Pike (Esocidai) — African Beaked-Fish (Mormyridw) — Feather- 

 Backs (Notopteridw) — Southern Pikelets (Galaxiida>) — Arapaimas (Osteoglossidcc) — 

 Arapaima (Arapaima) — Barbelled Arapaima (Osteoglossum) — Small-Mouthed Arapaima 

 (Heterotis) — Moon-Eye (Hyodontidai) — Chisel-Jaw (Pantodontida?) — Beaked Salmon 

 (Gonorhynchidoj) — The Scopeloids (Scopelidce) — Phosphorescent Scopeloids (Stemopty- 

 chido3 and Stomateidce) — Silvery Light-Fish (Photichthys) — Hedgehog-Mouths (Echio- 

 stoma) — The Dorab (Chirocentridai) — Long-Finned Herring (Bathythrissidai) — The 

 Extinct Saurodonts (Enchodontidw, Saurocephalidce, etc.) — The Herring Tribe (Clupeidce) 

 — Typical Group (Glupea) — Fresh- Water Herrings (Diplomystus) — Anchovies (Engraulis) 

 — Elops — Slender-Scales (Leptolepis) — The Smooth-Heads (Alepocephalidce) — Southern 

 Salmon (Haplochitonidai) — Salmon Tribe (Salmonidce) — Typical Group (Salmo) — 

 Salmon — Trout — Charr — Many-Rayed Salmon (Onchorhynchus) — Smelts (Osmerus) — 

 Coregonoids (Goregonus) — Grayling (Thymallus) — Percopsidce — Bony Pike and its 

 Kindred (Suborder JEfheospondyli) — Existing Types (Lepidosteidce) — Spear-Beaks 

 (Aspidorhynchida}) — The Bow-Fin and its Allies (Suborder Protospondyli) — Existing 

 Family (Amiidce) — Extinct Families (Pachycormidce, etc.) — The Sturgeon Tribe (Sub- 

 order Chondrostei) — Toothed Sturgeons (Polyodontidcs) — Toothless Sturgeons — (Acipen- 

 seridm) — True Sturgeons (Acipenser) — Shovel-Beaked Sturgeons (Scaphirhynchus) — 

 Allied Extinct Families (Chondrosteidaz, etc.) — Fringe-Finned Ganoids (Order Cros- 

 sopterygii) — Existing Species (Polypteridm) — Extinct Families, .... 333- 



CHAPTER IV. — Sharks and Rats, — Subclass Elasmobranchii. 



Distinctive Features— The Blue Shark and its Allies (Carcharnda;)— Typical Genus (Car- 

 charias) — Tope (Galeus) — Hammerheads (Sphyrna) — Hounds (Mustelus) — Porbeagle 

 Group (Lamnidai) —Porbeagles (Lamna) — Rondeleti's Shark (Carcharodon)— Fox-Shark 

 (Alopecias) — Basking-Shark (Cetorhinus)— Indo-Pacific Basking-Shark (Rhinodontidai) 

 — Dog-Fishes and Their Allies (Scylliidm)— True Dog-Fishes (Scyllium) — Other 

 Genera— Pavement-Toothed Sharks (Cestraciontid(c) — Comb-Toothed Sharks (Noti- 

 danidce)— Typical Genus (Notidanus) — Frill-Gilled Shark (Chlamydoselache) — The 

 Spiny Dog-Fishes and their Allies (Spinacidce)— The Extinct Petalodonts (Petalodon- 

 tidai)—The Angel-Fish (Squatinidai)— The Saw-Fishes (Pristiophoridm and Pristidoz)— 



