viii CONTENTS 



PAGB 



Salamander (Amphiuma) — The Gilled Salamanders (Proteidce)— 01m (Proteus) — 

 Furrowed Salamander (Necturus) — Two-Legged Salamanders (Sirenidce)— The Coecil- 

 ians, or Worm-Like Amphibians (Order Apoda), ...... 289 



CHAPTER III. — The Primeval Salamanders, — Order Labyrinthodontia. 

 Characters and Distribution of the Group — The Leading Families and Genera, . ,311 



FISHES 



CHAPTER I. — General Characteristics of the Class Pisces. 



Classification — External Skeleton — Internal Skeleton — Teeth — Coloration — Soft Parts- 

 Reproduction — Tenacity of Life — Distribution, , . . . ... 314 



CHAPTER II. — Lung-Fishes and Chim^eroids, — Subclasses Dipnoi and Holocephali. 



Existing Lung-Fishes (Lepidosirenidce) — Australian Lung-Fish (Ceratodus) — South American 

 Mud-Fish (Lepidosiren) — African M\\d-Fish(Protopterus) — Extinct Lung-Fishes — Berry- 

 Bone Fishes (Order Arthrodira) — The Chimseroids (Subclass Holocephali), . . 325 



CHAPTER III. — The Bony Fishes and Ganoids,— Subclass Teleostomi. 



Classification — Fan-Finned Group (Order Actinopterygii) — Spine-Finned Fishes (Suborder 

 Acanthopterygii) — The Perch Tribe (Percidce) — True Perches (Perca) — Pike-Perches 

 (Lucioperca) — Danubian Perches (Aspro) — Ruffes (Acerina) — Centrarchidce — Bass and 

 Sea- Perches (Serranidce)- South American Perch and Bass (Percichthys and Morone)— 

 Sea-Perch (Centropristes, Serranus, etc.) — Stone-Bass (Polyprion) — Oriental and African 

 Perches (Lates and Psammoperca) — Scaly-Finned Fishes (Ch(ttodontid(e)—Chcetodon — 

 Chelmon — Heniochus — Holacanthus — Red Mullets (Mullidce) — Sea-Breams (Sparidce) — 

 Cantharus — Haplodactylus — Sargus- — Gilt-Heads (Chrysophrys) — Knife-Jawed Fishes 

 (Hoplognathidve) — Thick-Rayed Fishes (Girrhitidce) — Cirrhitichthys — Chilodactylus — 

 Scorpaenoids (Scorpamidce) — Allied Families — Berycoids, or Slime-Heads (Berychidce) — 

 Gurtidce, and Polynemidce — Scisenoids (Scicenidce) — Drum (Pogonias) — Umbrines 

 (Umbrina) — Meagres (Scicena) — Sword -Fishes (Xiphiidoe)— Scabbard-Fishes and Hair- 

 Tails (Trichiuridce) — Scabbard-Fish (Lepidopus) — Hair-Tails (Trichiurus) — Barracudas 

 (Thyrsites) — Extinct Forms — Surgeons (A cronuridcc) — Horse-Mackerels (Carangidce) — 

 Typical Group (Caranx) — Pilot-Fish (Naucrates) — Sea-Bats (Platax) — Dories (Cyttidce) 

 — Stromateids and Coryphaenas (Stromateida; and Coryphcenidce) — Coryphcena — Sun-Fish 

 (Lampris) — Nomeeids (Nomceidce) — Mackerels (Scomberidce) — Thunnies (Thynnus) — 

 Sucking-Fishes (Echeneis) — Star-Gazers and Weavers (Trachinida?) — Uranoscopus — 

 Trachinus — Tile-Fish (Lopholatilus) — Other Groups — Soft-Spines and Frog-Fishes 

 (Malacanthidce and Batrachidce) — Batrachus — Angler-Fish and their Allies (Lophiidce) 

 — Anglers (Lophius) — Tentacle-Fish (Antennarius) — Bull-Heads and Gurnards (Cot- 

 tidce — Bull-Heads (Cottus) — Gurnards (Trigla) — Beaked Gurnards (Peristethus) — Flying 

 Gurnards (Da'ctylopterus) — Dragon-Fishes (Pegasus) — Lump-Suckers (Cyclopteridce) — 

 Gobies and Mud-Skippers (Gobiidai) — Gobnis — Periophthalmus— Band-Fishes (Cepolidw) 

 — Hairy-Backs (Trichonotidai) — Chiridas — Blennies (Blenniidce) — Viviparous Blennies 

 (Zoarces) — Wolf -Fishes (Anarrhichas) — Oblique-Spin ed Blenny (Acanthoclinidce) — 

 Spiny Eels (Rhijnchobdellida?) — Oil-Fish (Comephorus) — Barracuda-Pikes (Sphyrcenidce) — 

 Sand-Smelts (Atherinidm) — Square-Tail (Tetragonurus) — Grey Mullets (Mugilidre) — 

 Gar-Pike and Flying-Fish (Scombresocida}) — Gar- Pike (Belone)— r Flying-Fish (Exocoztus) 

 — Sticklebacks (Gastrosteida?) — Flute-Mouths (Aulostomatidce) — Trumpet-Fish (Cen- 

 triscidai) — Sucker-Fishes (Gobioesocidw) — Serpent-Heads (Ophioceplialidai) — Labyrinth- 

 Gilled Fishes (Anabantidas and Luciocephalidm) — Climbing- Perch (Anabas) — Paradise- 

 Fish (Polyacanthus) — Gurami (Osphrornenus) — Fighting-Fish (Betta) — Unicorn-Fish 



