CONTENTS vil 



PAGE 



{Coluber)— Black- Marked Snake — Wood-Snakes (Herpetodryas) — Tree-Snakes (Dend- 

 ■ rophis and Dendrelaphis) — Egg-Eating Snake (Dasypeltis) — Moon-Snakes (Scytale) — Cat- 

 Snake (Tarbophis) — Nocturnal Tree - Snakes (Dipsas) — Back-Fanged Tree -Snakes 

 (Philodryas and Dryophis) — Sharp - Nosed Snakes (Oxybelis) — Oriental Fresh- Water 

 Snakes (Homalopsince) — Coral-Snake (Elaps) — Resplendent Adders (Callophis) — Long- 

 Gland ed Snakes {Adeniophis) — Craits (Bungarus) — Cobras (Naia) — Their Habits — 

 Death - Adders (Pseudechis) — Sea - Snakes {Hydrophiince) — Broad-Tailed Sea - Snakes 

 (Platurus) — Parti-Coloured Sea-Snake (Hydrus) — Black- Banded Sea-Snake (Distira) — 

 The Vipers ( Viperidce) — True Vipers ( Viperince) — Common Viper ( Vipera) — Southern 

 Viper — Long-Nosed Viper — Russell's Viper — Puff- Adder — Horned Vipers (Cerastes) — 

 Desert Saw- Vipers (Echis) — Rattle-Snakes (Crotalince) — Common Rattle-Snake (Cro- 

 talus) — Diamond Rattle-Snake — South American Rattle-Snakes — Habits of Rattle- 

 Snakes — The Bushmaster (Lachesis) — Halys Vipers (Ancistrodon) — Himalayan Halys 

 Siberian Halys — Copper-Head Snake — Water- Viper— Typical Pit-Vipers (Trimere- 

 saurus) — Jararaca — Extinct Groups of Scaled Reptiles — Long-Necked Lizards 

 (Dolichosauria) — Cretaceous Sea-Serpents (Pythonomorpha), .... 174 



CHAPTER VI. — The Remaining Groups of Reptiles, — Orders Ichthyopterygia, 

 Rhynchocephalia, and Anomodontia. 



The Fish- Lizards (Order Ichthyopterygia) — The Beaked Lizards (Order Rhynchocephalia) — The 

 Tuatera (Sphenodon) — Allied Extinct Families (HomceosauridcE and Ehynchosatiridce) — 

 Oldest Types (Proterosaurus, etc.) — The Anomodonts, or Mammal- Like Reptiles (Order 

 Anomodontia) — Dicynodonts and Theriodonts, ...... 250 



AMPHIBIANS 



CHAPTER I.— General Characteristics of the Class Amphibia — Frogs and Toads 



— Order Ecaudata. 



Distinction between Amphibians and Reptiles — Skin of Amphibians — Skeleton — Soft 

 Parts — Development — Distribution — Habits — Characteristics of Frogs and Toads — The 

 Typical Frogs (Ranida}) — Water-Frogs (Rana)— European Frogs — Bull-Frogs — Oxy- 

 glossus — Flying Frogs (Rhacophorus) — Solid- Chested Tree-Frogs (Dendrobatidce) — 

 The Narrow-Mouthed Frogs (Engystomatidce) — Sharp-Nosed Frog (Ceratobatrachidw)— 

 The Southern Frogs (Leptodactylidaz) — Horned Frogs (Ceratophrys) — Leaf-Frogs (Hylodes) 

 —Piping-Frogs (Leptodactylus) — The Toads (Bufonidw)— True Toads (Bufo)— Green 

 Toad — Natterjack Toad — Sharp-Nosed Toad (Rhinophrynus) — The Overlapping- 

 Chested Tree-Frogs (Hylidce) — Grasshopper-Frog (Acris) — Typical Tree-Frogs (Hyla) 

 — Their Nesting - Habits — Pouched Tree-Frogs (Nototrema) — Pouched Tree-Frogs 

 (Pelobatidoe)— Brown Toad-Frog (Pelobates)— Other Genera (Pelodijtes, etc.) — Allied 

 Extinct Frogs (Palceobatrachidai) — The Disc-Tongued Frogs (Discoglossidce) — Fire- 

 Bellied Frog (Bombinator)— Midwife-Frogs (Alytes)— Other Families (A mphignathodon- 

 tidce and Hemiphractidre)— The Tongueless Frogs (Xenopodidce and Pipidai) — Spur-Toed 

 Frogs (Xenopus) — Surinam Water- Toad (Pipa), ...... 257 



CHAPTER II. — Newts, Salamanders, and Cosciltans, — Orders Caudata and Apoda. 



Distinctive Characters of the Caudata — Their Distribution and Habits — The Salamander 

 Tribe (Salamandridce)— Typical Salamanders (Salamandra) — Alpine Salamander — 

 Spanish Salamander (Chioglossa)— Newts (Molge)— Crested Newt— Marbled Newt- 

 Alpine Newt — Common Newt— Webbed Newt — Other Species — Habits of Newts — 

 Spectacled Salamander (Salamandrina) — Other Genera (Tylotriton and Pachytriton) — 

 Axolotls (Ambly stoma) — Other Genera — The Fish-Like Salamanders (Amphiumidce) — 

 Giant Salamander (Megalobatrachus) — Hell-Bender (Cryptobranchus) — Three-Toed 



