CONTENTS 



INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS 



CHAPTER I. — The Jointed Animals, — Subkingdom Arthropoda ; The Insects,- 

 Insecta ; Ants, Bees, Wasps, etc., — Order Hymenoptera. 



-Class 



Distinction between Vertebrates and Invertebrates — Special Characters of Arthropods 

 — Distinctive Characteristics of Insects — Geological Age of Insects — Other Features — 

 Mimicry — Characteristics of Hymenoptera — Development — Classification — The Saw- 

 Fly Group (Suborder Sessiliventres) — Stem Saw -Flies (Cephidce) — Tailed Wasps 

 (Siricidce) — True Saw-Flies (Tenthredinidai) — Typical Group (Suborder Petiolata) — 

 Gall-Wasps (Cynipidce) — Proctotrypidce — Chalcididce — Ic\mei\mon-W a,s*ps(Ichneumonida;) 

 — Braconidce — Other Families — The Ants (Formicidce) — Mutillidce, etc. — Bembicidce — 

 Pompilidce — Sphegidce — Crabronidce — Philanthidce — Wasps and Bees — Solitary Wasps 

 and Mud-Wasps (Masaridce and Eumenidce) — Social Wasps (Vespidce) — Solitary Bees 

 (Andrenidce) — True Bees (Apidce), ....... 



CHAPTER. II. — Jointed Animals, — continued ; Insects,— continued. 

 The Flies and Fleas, — Order Diptera. 



Characteristics of the Order — Straight- Seamed Flies (Suborder Orthorrhapha) — Mosquitoes 

 and Gnats (Calicidce) — Daddy- Long- Legs {Tipulidce) — Midges (Chironomidce) — Fungus- 

 Midges (Mycetophilidce)— Gall-Midges (Cecidomyidce) — Sand-Flies, etc. (Simuliidce and 

 Bibionidm) — Horse-Flies, or Breeze-Flies (Tabanidce) — Robber-Flies, etc. (Asilidce and 

 Etnpidw) — Bee-Flies (Bombyliidce) — Circular-Seamed Flies (Suborder Cyclorrhapha) — 

 Hover-Flies (Syrphidce) — Conopidce — Typical Flies (Muscidce)— Gad-Flies and Bot-Flies 

 ((Estrid(e) — Forest-Flies (Hippoboscidm) — Fleas (Pulicidce, etc.), .... 



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