INTELLIGENCE IN ANIMALS. 189 



rush also at him. Finding an apparent obstacle to his 

 vengeance, Tom ran round behind the glass, where he 

 found no enemy; so he came again to the front. 

 Here he again found his foe, on whom he again made 

 an onslaught, only to be similarly foiled. He repeated 

 this two or three times, applying manifestly the 

 inductive method to the problem before him. The 

 result of these experiments was to suggest the theory 

 that the cat in the looking-glass, if actually existent, 

 was unlike those specimens of the feline race with 

 whom Tom's experience had hitherto made him 

 acquainted. These repeated failures must have a 

 meaning, Tom seems to have reasoned. Either he 

 was the victim of some illusion, or the cat behind the 

 glass was of altogether exceptional activity. But, 

 however active that cat may be, Tom proceeded to 

 reason, he cannot be on the further side and yet not 

 on the further side at the same moment of time. If, 

 then, I look at him and see him to all appearance on 

 the further side, while at the same time I feel for him 

 there with my paws and find him not there, then the 

 cat in the glass must be a mere fraud. JSTo sooner 

 was this experimentum crucis devised by the clever cat 

 than it was put into execution. Tom deliberately 

 walked up to the looking-glass, keeping his eyes fixed 

 on the image ; then, when near enough to the edge, 

 he reached out carefully with his paw behind the glass 

 for the supposed intruder, whilst with his head twisted 

 round to the front he assured himself of the persistence 

 of the reflection. He also must have recognised, 



