236 NATURE STUDIES. 



industrial movement, there has been a steady south- 

 ward and eastward return-wave of Celt-Euskarian 

 emigrants towards the more organised regions. Irish- 

 men have poured into London, Liverpool, Glasgow, 

 -and South Wales ; Highlanders into Glasgow, Edin- 

 burgh, and Paisley; Welshmen into London, Bir- 

 mingham, Liverpool, and Manchester. At the present 

 day, as Professor Huxley remarks, the dark typo 

 seems once more to be numerically superseding the 

 .light one. 



Almost all of us are English in language, but most 

 of us are only very partially English in blood. To 

 put the same matter another way, our oldest element 

 is the dark one, now scattered up and down through 

 the population, and only gathered very sparingly into 

 a little nucleus here or there in Ireland and Scotland. 

 This element was Celticised, but not exterminated, by 

 the Aryan Celts, and became with them the Celt- 

 Euskarian " Ancient Britons" of our history-books. 

 Then the Celt-Euskarian was conquered by the 

 Teutonic English, and Anglicised into the English of 

 pre-Norman times. Next, these mixed English were 

 conquered by Danes, whom they shortly absorbed. 

 Dane and English were afterwards conquered by 

 Normans, whom once more they absorbed. Dane and 

 Irish in Ireland were next conquered and Anglicised 

 by Norman-English, and the country further settled 

 at various times by English and Scotch. Lastly, all 

 these elements have coalesced with Welsh, Highland 

 Scotch, and Scandinavians of the Isles, to form one 



