108 A NATURE WOOING. 



the masses a number of lepidopterous larvae an inch 

 or so long. Their dusky brown coloration so closely 

 corresponded with the material in which they lay con- 

 cealed that I would probably have overlooked them 

 had not their lively antics, their wriggling and twist- 

 ing when disturbed, made them very conspicuous 

 objects. 



"Only three burrows were opened in January, and 

 of these one alone was inhabited by the gopher. In 

 the month of July following, I examined a larger 

 number of gopher burrows, and in all eight galleries 

 were carefully and thoroughly explored. The mid- 

 summer explorations greatly increased the knowledge 

 previously gained of the habits of the gopher insects 

 and added several new forms to the list." 4 



Altogether, Mr. Hubbard found one frog and thir- 

 teen species of insects living with the gophers. Of the 

 insects, eight were beetles, and of these seven were 

 species new to science. The other was the only 

 beetle found living with the gopher which also occurs 

 above ground. Besides the beetles, the insects col- 

 lected were a deltoid moth, the wingless "cricket" 

 above mentioned; a pseudo-scorpion and two species 

 of ticks. All of these but one were undescribed. Thus 

 it will be seen that this interesting association of 

 messmates and parasites of the gopher forms a dis- 

 tinctively underground fauna in which the beginning 

 of true cave life is very instructively shown. 



* Insect Life, VI, 1894, p. 303, et seq. 



