CONTENTS XV 



PAQB 



186. Division of the body by the death of part of it . . 136 



187. Division among the simple plants 137 



188. Runners 137 



189. Stolons . .137 



190. Dissemination or spreading of the plant by vegetative 



propagation ......... 138 



191. Gemmse . . . . . . . . . .138 



192. Reproduction by spores 139 



193. Reproduction by eggs 139 



194. Fern spores . 139 



195. Germination of spores 140 



196. Another form or generation of the fern .... 141 



197. Alternation of generations 142 



198. The two generations of the moss 143 



199. Occurrence of generations 144 



200. The generations of seed plants 145 



201. The gametophyte, or egg-bearing generation in the seed 



plant 145 



202. The structure of a flower 146 



203. The spores of seed plants 149 



204. Pollination 149 



205. The wind as an aid to pollination ..... 150 



206. Animals as pollen carriers 151 



207. Fertilization 152 



VIII. SEEDS AND FRUITS 



208. The seed . 154 



209. The existence of the seed 154 



210. Fruits 155 



211. The cocoanut 155 



212. The date 162 



213. Maize, or Indian corn ....... 165 



214. The fruit of the clot-bur, Xanthium . . . .171 



215. Nature of the fruits of Xanthium 173 



216. The apple 175 



217. The bean and pea 178 



