94 EVIDENCES AND LIMITATIONS 



that organic variations are not wholly indefinite or 

 uncontrolled, but subject to organic law which makes 

 for determinate lines of progress.^ The supporters of 

 orthogenesis limit the range of natural selection, and 

 emphasize its purely eliminative function, excluding it 

 from part in positive species-forming. Several of these 

 writers consider orthogenesis to be definitely teleological 

 and to be directed toward an ideal goal. 



Ernst Haeckel, whose materialistic monism was dis- 

 cussed in my second lecture, discovers the unknown 

 factors of evolution in primitive matter.^ Sir Oliver 

 Lodge, in his valuable book entitled Life and Matter, 

 says, "Thus, then, in order to explain life and mind 

 and consciousness by means of matter, all that is done 

 is to assume that matter possesses these unexplained 

 attributes." ^ The higher world of thought has aban- 

 doned materialism, and a long array of scientific 

 writers might be quoted in behalf of behef in the dual- 

 ism of matter and mind. As Sir Oliver Lodge again 

 says, speaking of Darwin's work, ''It is famihar that 

 he explained how variations once arisen would be 

 clinched, if favourable in the struggle, by the action of 

 heredity and survival; but the source or origin of the 

 variations themselves he did not explain." ^ 



I do not think that we need to feel ashamed, or to 

 reckon ourselves to be belated in our ideas, if we con- 

 clude that the theistic position aft'ords the best stand- 



1 Kellogg describes some of them, op. cit., pp. 274-290, 319-326. 



2 See pp. 40-41, above. 



8 Page 42. 4 Page 46. 



