EVOLUTION OF MAN 97 



Darwin and many of his supporters, Herbert Spencer 

 and his followers, and materialists like Haeckel, have 

 with more or less absoluteness adopted the view that 

 man's mental and moral characteristics are to be ac- 

 counted for by natural evolution. They have not been 

 able to secure the acceptance of this view as an estab- 

 lished scientific doctrine. In Darwin's own argument 

 indications appear that he is conscious of unsolved 

 difficulties, and that he did not face the materialistic 

 implications of his somewhat tentative position. His 

 pioneer co-worker and admirer, A. R. Wallace, definitely 

 rejects his conclusion in this particular, and other con- 

 vinced evolutionists of high scientific repute do the 

 same. Among the more thorough arguments in behalf 

 of the conclusion that man's mental and moral char- 

 acteristics cannot be explained by physical evolution 

 are those of Mr. Wallace, in the last chapter of his 

 work on Darwinism,^ and of Henry Calderwood, in 

 his volume entitled, Evolution and Man^s Place in 

 Nature. 



The rest of this lecture will be devoted to a brief 

 summary of the chief reasons which these and other 

 writers have advanced for the position which I have 

 taken, that something more than mere animal heredity 

 and natural evolution is required to explain man's 

 origin and nature. These reasons are to a large extent 

 specific branches and appHcations of the general argu- 

 ment which I have been presenting, that superphysical 

 products and effects cannot be accounted for by 



^ Ch. XV, 3d ed. corrected, 1905. 

 8 



