EVOLUTION OF MAN 105 



ness of the physical and the ethical, and asserted that 

 " social progress means a checking of the cosmic process 

 at every step, and the substitution for it [note the word 

 substitution] of another, which may be called the ethical 

 process." ^ Obviously, that which is substituted for 

 the cosmic process of physical evolution cannot be 

 regarded as its product. 



5. The duahsm of mind and of the physical organism 

 which conditions its external manifestation, and there- 

 fore the impossibility of regarding mind as the product 

 of a merely physical process, are also shown by apply- 

 ing the law of the conservation of energy to the physical 

 action of the human organism. This law is defined 

 by Clerk Maxwell as follows: "The total energy of 

 any body or system of bodies is a quantity which can 

 neither be increased nor diminished by any mutual 

 action of these bodies, though it may be transformed 

 into any of the forms of which energy is susceptible." ^ 

 Now when this law is applied to the human organism, 

 it is discovered that that organism constitutes a closed 

 circle, a complete system of acting and reacting ener- 

 gies, without reckoning at all with either the mystery 

 of life or man's mental and spiritual activity. These 

 lie outside the system of mechanical forces of the body. 

 As Sir Oliver Lodge shows, ^ life, mind, and will, while 



1 Evolution and Ethics, p. 33. 



2 Theory of Heat, p. 93, as quoted by Michael Maher, in Cath. 

 Ency., s. v. "Energy, the Law of the Conservation of" — an article 

 worth reading. 



3 O. Lodge, Life and Matter, ch. ix. Cf. J. Orr, Christian View 

 of God, pp. 146, 147; S. Harris, Phil. Basis of Theism, pp. 439-442. 



