48 EXAMINATION OF HORSES AS TO SOUNDNESS 



wind is due at times to asthma, but mostly to 

 emphysema of the lungs, which is an infiltration 

 of air into the interlobular cellular tissues of the 

 lungs. 



Broken wind is a bad unsoundness, and a horse 

 required for fast work so affected is useless. For 

 slow work, unless required to draw heavy loads, 

 it does not matter so much, but no one in pur- 

 chasing a horse should buy a broken-winded 

 animal if possible. A horse that is broken- 

 winded, if worked much, often goes all to pieces 

 in a very short space of time. 



Roaring. — Roaring is due to the atrophy or 

 wasting away of the muscles (crico-arytenoid) 

 which regulate and control the cartilages forming 

 the upper and left side of the larynx, which is a 

 cartilaginous box forming the beginning of the 

 windpipe. The muscles, being wasted away and 

 the cartilages not being controlled, drop slightly 

 over the aperture of the larynx, and hence the 

 noise which is made during the act of inspiration. 

 Roaring is, of course, an unsoundness, and all 

 horses so affected should be avoided, as they are 

 capable of very little fast exertion. 



