NEMATODA ENOPLIDAE 157 



immune from it elsewhere. It causes the rootlets to swell out, 

 and the bladder -like extensions thus formed act as reservoirs 

 for water. 



Many other species attack plants ; Tylenclius miUcfolii Low 

 forms galls on Achillca, T. dipsaci Kiihn. on the teazle. They 

 all seem to have great powers of resisting desiccation. The 

 former species, when dried and placed in a herbarium in May, 

 gave rise to active worms when moistened the following October ; 

 and the corn eel-worm is said to survive twenty-seven years in a 

 state of suspended animation. On the other hand, although these 

 Nematodes like moistiire, they cannot withstand submersion in 

 water for any time. They can resist a considerable degree of 

 cold, and a species, Apliclcnclivs nivalis Auriv., 1 has been described 

 from Spitzbergen, where it lives in the snow amongst a small 

 red alga, Spliacrcllci nivalis. 



VII. Family Enoplidae. 



Small, as a rule free-living, usually marine Nematodes, with- 

 out a second oesophageal bulb. Eyes and mouth-armature often 

 present. Pine hairs and bristles sometimes surround the mouth. 



Genera : Enoplus, Dorylaimus, Enchelidium, and others. 



The gemis Etioplus is exclusively marine, living amongst 

 Algae and Hydroids in shallow water and moving actively about, 

 but never coiling into spirals. De Man 2 describes Enoplus 

 brevis Bast, as being attacked by a plant parasite, probably a 

 Bacterium, of a greenish colour, which infested the muscles and 

 gave them a peculiar colour. 



Numerous other species have been described by De Man 

 from the coast of Holland. It is probable that some of them are 

 the free stages of parasitic forms ; a brackish water species found 

 in the East Indies (Dorylaimus palustris) is regarded by Carter 

 as the larva of Filaria tnedinensis. Oncholaimiu echini Leyd. is 

 parasitic in the intestine of the sea-urchin Echinus cscidcntus. 

 Tricoma cincta s has a strongly striated cuticle, which gives it 

 almost the appearance of segmentation. Fimbria tennis has 

 numerous hairs on the tail, and the mouth is surrounded by 

 bristle-bearing papillae. 



1 L'iJuiny tSeensiii Ak. JhnM. viii. No. 11, 1883. 



2 Anal. Uiitersitch. ii. freilclciidc Nordwc-Xcmatodi-n*, Leipzig, 1886. 



3 Cobb, P. Linn. Hoe. N. S. IValc*, 2nd scr. viii. 1893, p. 389. 



