236 



KINORHYNCHA 



of cilia. To the Kotifers the affinity, dwelt on by Zelinka, is 

 less close. 



Kinorhyncha. 



This Class and Order comprises but one genus, Echinoderes 

 (Fig. 120), founded in 1851 by Dujardin. 1 Reinhard's mono- 

 graph 2 is the generally accepted authority on this subject, and 

 contains a full bibliography, with diagnoses of the individual 

 species, eighteen in number. 



The animals of this group are found in shallow seas with 

 muddy bottom, below low -water mark, and feed on organic 



debris. They have been 



*' taken in the Black Sea, 



Mediterranean, British 

 Channel, and North Sea, 

 and off the Canary 

 Islands (Lanzarote, 

 Porto Pi, Palnia di 

 Mallorca). Their size 

 varies from 0'86 mm. 

 X 0'22 mm. in Echino- 

 deres spinosus, to 0'14 

 mm. x 0'03 mm. in E. 

 kowalevskii? 



The body is pro- 

 tected by a strong chit- 



FIG. 120. Echinoderes sp., drawn from a preserved . , i j. , ,-, 



specimen taken at Worthing. x about 210. b, S Cuticle distinctly 



Bristle ; c.s, caudal spine ; ph, pharynx ; s and /, annillated, forming 



the spines on the two segments of the proboscis ; . , 



s.g, salivary glands ; st, stomach. eleven rings, besides a 



retractile proboscis 



obscurely divided into two segments at the apex of which the 

 mouth opens. The anus opens on the extreme end of the last 

 segment, which is frequently retracted ; the genital pores open 

 right and left of the anus ; and the renal pores lie on either side 

 of the back of the ninth segment. The first ring may be un- 

 divided, or else distinctly divided into four plates, one dorsal, 



1 Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, vol. xv. 1851, p. 158. 



- Zcitschr. wiss. Zool. vol. xlv. 1887, pp. 401-467, t. xx-xxii. 



3 The breadth of the latter ia estimated from Reinhard's figure. 



