494 



Index 



Canal, ancient, 67; Busca, 210; Ceylon, 

 81; Doab, 80; Egyptian, 68; Eu- 

 phrates, 68; Forez, 72 ; Gattinara, 

 210; Great Imperial, 71; Ganges sys- 

 tem, 80; India, 79 ; Indus valley, 81; 

 Ivrea, 209; West and East Jumna, 80; 

 Kern Island, 292 ; Nahrawan and 

 Dyiel, 69; Nira, 78 ; Santa Ana, 297; 

 Sirhind,291; Soane circle, 80; cement, 

 300, 412 ; dangers, 295 ; sewage, 410, 

 412; stone, 410. 



Canvas dam, 339, 341, 355. 



Cape Colony irrigation, 85. 



Capillary spread of water, 161, 330, 375. 



Capillarity, rate in sand and loam, 148. 



Carbon dioxide, consumed by clover, 

 49 ; possible insufficiency in close 

 planting, 185; in soil ventilation, 419; 

 consumed by maize, 185. 



Carpenter, L. G., water-meadows, 219; 

 seepage from reservoir, 323 ; water 

 divisor, 245. 



Catch crops, 152. 



Celery, irrigation, 385. 



Ceylon, irrigation, 81. 



Checks, 345, 348, 350. 



Check ridges, 346, 348. 



Child, J. T., 83. 



China, irrigation, 71, 82. 



Chinese irrigation, 387. 



Clay soil, develops alkali, 286. 



Climate, arid, 4, 104; for irrigation 

 practice, 89; for sewage irrigation, 

 404; lainfall needed for humid and 

 subhumid, 121. 



Clover, water used, 24, 34, 36, 41, 46 ; 

 irrigation, 110, 130, 179 ; on sandy 

 soil, 169. 



Colmatage, 94, 261. 



Corn. See Maize. 



Cotton, duty of water, 211. 



Craigentinny meadows, 18, 92, 254, 403. 



Cranberries, duty of water, 220; irriga- 

 tion, 365. 



Cranefield, F., irrigation with cold 

 water, 251. 



Crops, yields, 125, 126, 174, 175, 177, 179, 

 187, 190, 216 ; for sewage irrigation, 

 409, 411. 



Cucumbers, irrigation, 388. 



Cultivation. See Tillage. 



Cultivator, orchard, 381; potatoes, 354. 



Croyden, sewage irrigation, 411,412, 413. 



Dam, submerged, 305; canvas, 339, 341, 

 355; Bear valley, 302; Vir weir, 78. 



Deherain, 276. 



Delaware river water, 252. 



Denitrification, 334, 370; in sewage, 403; 

 lessened by drainage, 420. 



Denmark, irrigation, 75. 



De Vries, 277. 



Divisors, 244. 



Ditches, depth and grade, 477; bringing 

 to grade, 484 ; digging, 481 ; com- 

 mencing and finishing,483 ; filling,487. 



Doon, for lifting water, 328. 



Drainage, principles, 415 ; influence on 

 fertility, 13; remedy for alkali lands, 

 284, 288; made necessary by seepage 

 from canals, 295; of water-meadows, 

 360, 364; of cranberry marshes, 366, 

 368; rice fields, 369, 371; necessity, 

 416; ventilates soil, 418, 419; lessens 

 denitrification, 420; increases avail- 

 able moisture, 13, 422 ; makes soil 

 warmer, 423 ; where needed, 428 ; 

 sinks and ponds, 460 ; intercepting 

 underflow, 459; intercepting surface 

 water, 461; use of trees, 462 ; use of 

 windmill, 463; levels, 470; tools, 482; 

 peat lands, 491. 



Drainage levels, 470 ; use, 471, 473, 477. 



Drainage, surface, 464, 466. 



Drains, depth, 436, 442 ; distance apart, 

 437, 439 ; used in sub-irrigation, 400; 

 entrance of water, 438, 445 ; kinds, 

 443 ; rate of entrance of water, 446 ; 

 use of collars, 446 ; fall or gradient, 

 447 ; size of mains, 450, 452 ; size of 

 laterals, 450, 452 ; outlets, 453 ; ob- 

 structions, 455 ; laying out systems, 



