THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



109 



VARIOUS TYPES OF PUMPS. 



"There are four distinct -types of pumps the 

 plunger or piston pump, . . . ; the vacuum, the 

 rotary, and the centrifugal, beside elevators which raise 

 water by means of flights attached to an endless chain." 

 Probably only the three last named types can be relied 

 upon for cheap production of large quantities of water 

 for irrigation by pumping. It is not the purpose of 

 the writers, however, to enter into a lengthy discussion 

 of the relative efficiency of the various types of pumps 

 other than those under the test. 



For our present purpose the efficiency of the pumps 

 is reckoned upon the relative cost of lifting a given 

 amount of water from the same well. 



Centrifugal pumps having no close-fitting or com- 

 plicated working parts, 'create comparatively little fric- 

 tion, are seldom or never out of order, and are not 

 appreciably injured by sand or gravel in the water, yet 

 in this type of pump there is a considerable loss of 

 power by the slippage or play of the water upon the 

 loosely fitting paddles. 



Eotary pumps have 

 close fitting working 

 parts, which may or 

 may not be of a com- 

 plicated nature, with a 

 relative increase in 

 friction, and in the 

 latter case are more 

 difficult to keep in re- 

 pair. But on the other 

 hand the suction is 

 positive add there is 

 almost no loss of pow- 

 er by slippage of wa- 

 ter upon the paddles, 

 and thus result in a 

 greatly increased effi- 

 ciency. Sand must not 

 exist in the water un- 

 less there is some 

 method of taking up 

 the wear upon the 

 working parts. 



We are unable, at 

 this time, to pass upon the durability of the pumps 

 tested more than what may be said from the working 

 of the pumps and from their individual appearance. 

 There is little question as to the durability of centrif- 

 ugal pumps. As to the rotary, with its cams and 

 rollers to operate the pistons and springs to take up 

 the wear, caused by sand, etc., to say the least, it will 

 require greater intelligence and care in operating. 



PUMPS TESTED BY THE STATION. 



The pumps were tested practically under like con- 

 ditions, namely, upon the same well; placed the same 

 distance from the water level in so far as the form of 

 the pumps would permit; with the same engine, a 20 

 horsepower steam engine and boiler (except where 

 otherwise specified) with the same kind and amount of 

 wood by weight, namely, one quarter of a cord, weigh- 

 ing 492 pounds, of small dry tornillo wood; under the 

 same steam pressure, with, a few necessary exceptions 

 where the work was heavy ; with the water level in the 

 boiler practically the same; and with the same weir 

 and apparatus for measuring the water discharged by 

 the pumps. 



The Van Wie Centrifugal Pump is of the vertical 

 single top side suction, belted type, made by the Bald- 

 winsville Centrifugal Pump Works, Syracuse, N. Y. 

 A No. 5 pump with a 6-inch suction and a 5-inch dis- 

 charge, fitted with a 6-inch suction and 7-inch dis- 

 charge pipes, was tested. 



Fig. 16 shows the manner in which this and the 

 Kingsford, both vertical pumps, were belted to the en- 

 gine by the use of an idler. 



Fig. 17 shows the discharge thrown from a 7-inch 

 pipe by this pump, running at a speed of about 750 

 revolutions per minute. 



The results of the test are recorded in the following 

 table : 



Speed of pump, Time run on 



Gallons revolutions J4 cord of 



per minute. per minute. wood (492 Ibs). 



600 455 2 hours 29 min. 



824 515 Ihour 43 min. 



944 530 Ihour 29 min. 



988 540 Ihour 14 min. 



997 . 760 



In answer to sever- 

 al correspondents who 

 have made inquiries 

 concerning the Iowa 

 Drainage Convention 

 held at Ames in Jan- 

 uary, we refer them 

 to Prof. W.N. Steven- 

 son, of the Agricul- 

 tural College of Iowa, 

 who will doubtless be 

 glad to send all in- 

 formation regarding 

 the convention that is 

 requested. 



MAP OF KENLY 

 QUADRANGLE. 



The United States 



DISCHARGE FROM A SIX-INCH PIPE BY THE R. S. WOOD CO.'S NO. 6 PUMP r Pn l no .; P ol S n r v o v 

 RUNNING AT fiM RF.VOT.17TIONS PFR MTNHTF weu.lug.LKU. o u 1 V e J, 



acting in co-opera- 

 tion with the Department of Agriculture of the State 

 of North Carolina, has just published a map of the 

 Kenly quadrangle in that State. Parts of Wilson, 

 Wayne, Johnson and Nash Counties are included in 

 the quadrangle, which has an approximate area of 245 

 square miles. 



The sheet is important, as it shows the rise from 

 the coastal plain on the east to the Piedmont plateau. 

 The Atlantic Coat Line Eailroad, which skirts this 

 plauteau, crosses the quadrangle diagonally, passing 

 through the towns of Lucama and Kenly. The coun- 

 try is generally low and swampy, the elevation ranging 

 from 100 feet above sea level in several places to 294 

 feet near Connor. 



The soil of this region is sandy and is adapted to 

 the cultivation of tobacco and cotton. Cotton has been 

 grown here extensively for a number of years, but the 

 tobacco industry, which has developed very rapidly in 

 the last few years, is comparatively young. 



The map may be procured for the sum of 5 cents 

 on application to the director of the Geological Sur- 

 vey, Washington, D. C. 



