THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



403 



NEW MEXICO RANGE CATERPILLAR. 



A new range caterpillar which was reported as dam- 

 aging the ranges in New Mexico has been investigated by 

 the representative of the United States Department of 

 Agriculture, and a report of those observations has just 

 been issued in Bulletin 85, Part V, Bureau of Entomology. 



The first intimation of the alarming increase of Hem- 

 ileuca caterpillars in northeastern New Mexico reached the 

 department in August, 1908, and before the end of October 

 of that year the outbreak was under the careful study of 

 an expert. Therefore, the report covers the adult period 

 of this depredating insect in 1908, and the entire active 

 life period in 1909. 



The history of the range caterpillar, now designated 

 as Hemileuca oliriae Cockrell, prior to this outbreak, is 

 very vague and probably, owing to the fact that they have 

 not been able to distinguish between these caterpillars 

 and those of other species, the information furnished by 

 ranchmen and others is very unreliable. The species may 

 have had its origin in the country east and adjacent to 

 the Rocky Mountains in northeastern New Mexico. The 

 first authentic history of the genus Hemileuca in New 

 Mexico begins about five or six years ago, and the section 

 around Springer Lake, an irrigation reservoir a 'few miles 

 from Springer, a station on the Santa Fe Railway, fifty 

 miles south of the Colorado line, appears to have been 

 the starting point of the present outbreak, and from there 

 it has spread north, east and south. 



The area at present is not well defined, but it is 

 known to extend from just north of Las Vegas, N. M., 

 on the south, to Las Animas, Colo., on the north, and from 

 Cimarron and Kochler, N. M., on the west, to points 

 within the Texas "Panhandle" on the east or over an 



area 2ttO miles from north to south by 150 miles from east 

 to west comprising about 30,000 square miles. 



All of this area is not evenly infested, but the insect is 

 more or less prevalent everywhere. Counts made at 

 widely distant points of the caterpillars present on a 

 measured square rod showed enormous numbers present 

 on this range, in some cases as high as 20,000,000 to the 

 square mile, justifying, as conservative, an estimate of 

 1,536,000,000 caterpillars depredating on the infested area. 

 A number capable of tremendous possibilities for harm, es- 

 pecially when it is remembered that the full-grown 

 larvae frequently measures 2 l / 2 inches in length, with the 

 diameter of a man's index finger, and are so numerous that 

 one really has to choose his steps to avoid crushing the 

 huge, spiny, ugly caterpillars. And the sensation produced 

 when it becomes necessary to walk miles through their 

 myriads is both peculiar and lasting. 



The bulletin treats fully of the identity, life history, 

 natural enemies and remedial measures, and states that 

 further observation and study will be necessary before it 

 can be determined whether the species will retain its foot- 

 hold in adjacent states to the south and east and continue 

 to spread, or whether, owing to high altitude and conse- 

 quent atmospheric and meteoroligical conditions, it will 

 be restricted to the particular section of the country now 

 infested. 



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