THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



271 



These siphons are reinforced concrete pressure pipes, 

 passing under the creeks, with concrete inlet and outlet 

 chambers, joining the earth section of canal. The 

 largest of these is at Fox creek, having two barrels 

 built together, each seven feet in diameter and 225 feet 

 long, while the smallest is at Ferry Coulee, with a single 

 barrel two and a half feet diameter and 290 feet long, 



Location of headgates from east, bank of Yellowstone River. 



all being designed to withstand a water pressure of 

 twenty-five feet, representing the distance of the center 

 line of barrel at its lowest point, below normal water 

 surface in canal. To drain these siphons at the close 

 of the irrigating season, each is provided with a drain 

 valve, connecting with a vitrified pipe leading into the 

 creek channel. 



(4) Flumes. Flumes are used to convey storm 

 water over the canal, where the location is in thorough- 

 cut, and consist of rectangular concrete troughs, the 

 sides of which act as girders to carry the structure with 

 a full load of water. About twelve flumes are used, all 

 but one being very small. 



In addition to these structures for cross drainage, 

 a number of others are necessary for the regulation of 

 flow in the canal. These comprise sluiceways for empty- 

 ing the canal in the autumn or in case of emergency, 

 spillways for maintaining a uniform depth of water, 

 and turnouts for regulating the admission of water to 

 the laterals. 



A sluiceway consists of a chamber in the canal bot- 

 tom, about five feet below grade, and leading to sluice- 

 gates on the side next the river. These gates operate in 

 front of openings in the side wall of the chamber, 

 through which the canal is drained. Retaining walls on 

 the sides, lining and paving on the bottom, from an 

 artificial channel which leads to the natural water course 

 nearby. 



A spillway usually is located near a sluiceway, to 

 take advantage of the same drainage channel, and con- 

 sists of a concrete weir with crest at the desired maxi- 

 mum level of water in canal. The usual length of weir 

 is about 100 feet, which gives ample capacity for any 

 sudden rise of water in the canal caused for instance 

 by shutting off a lateral farther down stream. A con- 

 crete lined ditch is provided to carry the waste water 

 away from the structure. 



A turnout or lateral headgate is a concrete box 



through the canal bank with wingwalls at inlet and out- 

 let and a sluicegate on the inlet side to control the 

 supply of water to the lateral. 



INCIDENTAL STRUCTUEES. 



Other work in connection with the project includes 

 a telephone line running the entire length of the valley 

 from Glendive on the Northern Pacific Railway to 

 Mondak on the Great Northern, a total of about seventy- 

 seven miles. This greatly facilitates the management 

 of the work, and will be of even greater benefit to the 

 maintenance of the completed canal, as well as to the 

 business of the valley generally. Buildings have been 

 erected for office purposes and as quarters for the en- 

 gineers at six points along the canal. The office at the 

 headworks is intended to be used in the future as a 

 residence for the gatekeeper of the canal. The other 

 buildings have been constructed with a view to dispos- 

 ing of them to settlers when the work is completed, but 

 all have been put up in a substantial and workmanlike 

 manner. It has also been necessary to arrange for 

 bridges crossing the main canal and laterals at con- 

 venient points. Steel bridges with concrete abutments 

 will be used on the main canal, while those on the lat- 

 erals will be built of timber. 



The work is being carried on under the supervision 

 of Mr. H. N. Savage, supervising engineer for Montana, 

 North Dakota and northern Wyoming. Mr. F. E. Wey- 

 mouth, who first investigated the district in the early 

 days of the reclamation service, is in charge, and con- 

 struction is directed by Mr. Chas. H. Paul, who has had 

 long experience in hydraulic work. The project is 

 separated into divisions varying in length from six to 

 twelve miles with resident engineers as follows : 



Mr. E. C. Bebb, Division 1, including headgates 

 and dam; Mr. H. S. Morse, Division 2; Mr. H. F. 

 Burkart, Division 3; Mr. R. H. Fifield, Division 4; 

 Mr. P. M. Fogg, Division 5, and Mr. G. H. Bliss, 

 Divisions 6, 7, 8 and 9. 



The project offices are located at La Mesa, about 

 thirty-two miles from Glendive, where in addition to 



Crop of oats raised on irrigable land near Fairview, Mont. 



the work of administration, designing, accounting and 

 disbursing are carried on. The settlers in the valley 

 have organized themselves as the Lower Yellowstone 

 Water Users Association, with offices at Sidney, Mont., 

 and are actively co-operating with the reclamation 

 service in its efforts to make the valley a region of 

 productiveness and prosperity. 



